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1、INTRODUCTIONTOMATERIALSSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGQingdaoUniversityofScience&TechnologyKezhengChenWeiWangChuntingLiuKezhengChenWeiWangChuntingLiu国家级双语教学示范课程Aluminumcans(metal)Plasticbottles(polymer)Glassbottles(ceramic)MATERIALSOFIMPORTANCECarbonatedBeverageContainersOnecommonitemthatpre
2、sentssomeinterestingmaterialpropertyrequirementsisthecontainerforcarbonatedbeverages.Thematerialusedforthisapplicationmustsatisfythefollowingconstraints:provideabarriertothepassageofcarbondioxide,whichisunderpressureinthecontainer;benontoxic,unreactivewiththebeverage,and,preferably
3、berecyclable;MATERIALSOFIMPORTANCECarbonatedBeverageContainersberelativelystrong,andcapableofsurvivingadropfromaheightofseveralfeetwhencontainingthebeverage;beinexpensiveandthecosttofabricatethefinalshapeshouldberelativelylow;ifopticallytransparent,retainitsopticalclarity;capableof
4、beingproducedhavingdifferentcolorsand/orabletobeadornedwithdecorativelabels.Commonobjectsthataremadeofceramicmaterials:scissors,achinateacup,abuildingbrick,afloortile,andaglassvase.Familiarobjectsthataremadeofmetalsandmetalalloys:silverware(forkandknife),scissors,coins,agear,aweddi
5、ngring,andanutandbolt.Commonobjectsthataremadeofpolymericmaterials:plastictableware(spoon,fork,andknife),billiardballs,abicyclehelmet,twodice,alawnmowerwheel(plastichubandrubbertire),andaplasticmilkcarton.CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONISSUESTOADDRESS...•WhatisMaterialsScienceandEngineering?•
6、ClassificationofMaterials•MaterialsSelection•HistoryofMaterialsMaterialsexistineverywherenaturallyDesignformodernapplications,includingmechanical,civil,chemical,andelectricalapplications,etc.Understandingthehistoryofmaterialsmeansunderstandingthehistoryofmankindandcivilization.Moti
7、vationandPurposeforStudyingMaterialsStructuresofgraphiteanddiamondExample:DifferentPropertiesbetweengraphiteanddiamondGraphiteDiamondGraphite:softandgreasyDiamond:hardest(amongtheknownmaterials)Paleolithic旧石器时代Understandingthehistoryofmaterialsmeansunderstandingthehistoryofmankinda
8、ndcivilization.StoneAge(Pa
