ch03Gains and Losses from Trade in the Specific-Factors Model(国际贸易课件(BobertC.Feenstra).ppt

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1、GainsandLossesfromTradeintheSpecific-FactorsModelPreparedby:FernandoQuijanoDickinsonStateUniversity31Specific-FactorsModel2EarningsofLabor3EarningsofCapitalandLandEvoMoralesandhissupporters.Thenewconstitutionin2009givesindigenouspeoplescontrolovernaturalresourcesintheir

2、territories.Inadditiontooilandgas,thoseresourcesincludelithium,akeyingredienttomakebatteriesforelectriccars,whichisfoundinabundanceinBolivia.Akeylessonfromthischapteristhatinmostcases,openingacountrytotradegenerateswinnersandlosers.IntroductionInDecember2005,EvoMoralesbe

3、camethefirstAymaraIndianelectedtopresidentinBolivia’s180-yearhistory.Openingacountrytotradegenerateswinnersandlosers.Thespecific-Factorsmodelhelpsexplainwhogainsandwholoses.Itiscalledthespecific-factorsmodelbecauselandisspecifictotheagriculturesectorandcapitalisspecifict

4、othemanufacturingsector;laborisusedinbothsectors.FromtheRicardianmodel,welearnedthatfreetradeincreasesrelativepricesintheexportsectoranddecreasesrelativepricesintheimportsector,andthisinturnaffectstheearningsoffactorsofproduction.Mobilefactorscanoffsetlossesmoreeasilytha

5、nspecific,orfixedfactors.Introduction1Specific-FactorsModelTheHomeCountryIneachindustry,increasesintheamountoflaborusedaresubjecttodiminishingreturns,thatis,themarginalproductoflabordeclinesastheamountoflaborusedintheindustryincreases.We’llcontinuetousetwocountries:Homea

6、ndForeign.Manufacturinguseslaborandcapital,andagricultureuseslaborandland.TheHomeCountryFIGURE3-1Panel(a)ManufacturingOutputAsmorelaborisused,manufacturingoutputincreases,butitdoessoatadiminishingrate.Panel(b)DiminishingMarginalProductofLaborAnincreaseintheamountoflaboru

7、sedinmanufacturinglowersthemarginalproductoflabor.1Specific-FactorsModelTheHomeCountryFIGURE3-2ProductionPossibilitiesFrontierProductionPossibilitiesFrontierTheproductionpossibilitiesfrontiershowstheamountofagriculturalandmanufacturingoutputsthatcanbeproducedintheeconomy

8、withlabor.1Specific-FactorsModelTheHomeCountryOpportunityCostandPrices1Specific-FactorsModelAsintheRica