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ID:38259867
大小:34.27 KB
页数:7页
时间:2019-06-07
《International trade国际贸易》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Internationaltrade国际贸易istheexchangeofgoodsorservicesbetweenmanycountriesImport进口isthepurchaseofagoodorservicemadeoverseasExport出口isthesaleofagoodorservicemadeathomeAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势Eachcountrywillbenefitfromspecializationinthosecommoditiesinwhichithasanabsoluteadvantage,(i.e.,beingabletoproduc
2、eatalowerrealcostthananothercountry),exportingthemandimportingothercommoditieswhichitproducesatahigherrealcostthananothercountryComparativeadvantageTradewillbenefitbothnationsprovidedonlythattheirrelativecosts,thatis,theratiosoftheirrealcostsmeasuredbylabor-houroranothercommodity,aredifferentfortw
3、oormorecommodities.Inshort,tradedependsondifferencesincomparativecostoropportunitycost,andonenationcanprofitablytradewithanothereventhoughitsrealcostsarehigherorlowerineverycommodity.BenefitsofInternationalTradeWidermarketwiththeincreasingnumberoftradingpartnersGrowthofeconomyCheapergoodsGreatvari
4、etywithgoodscomingfrommorecountriesReasonsfortraderestrictionsPurepoliticalreasonsThereisaninfantindustryargumentwhichmaintainsthatanewindustryneedstobeprotecteduntilthelaborforceistrained,theproductiontechniquesaremasteredandtheoperationbecomeslargeenoughtoenjoytheeconomiesofscaleandtobeabletocom
5、peteinthemarket.Manycountrieswantadiversifiedeconomytobelessdependentonforeigncountriesbotheconomicallyandpolitically.Inaddition,itiscrucialforcountriestoprotecttheirvitalindustries,whicharestrategicallyrelatedtostabilityandeconomicdevelopment.Domesticjobsneedtobeprotectedfromcheapforeignlabor.Imp
6、osingrestrictionsonimportisaimingtomaintainabalanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.Protectionisneededwhenforeignfirmsreceivesubsidiesandgovernmentbenefitsandsellgoodsabroadatbelow-costpricetocaptureamarket.Tariffisadutyorfeeleviedongoodsbeingimportedintoacountry.Anti-dumpingdutyiscollectedwhenimportin
7、gcountrybelievesthatthereisadumping(onecountrysellsthegoodsinanothercountryatalowerprice,whichisbelowdomesticsellingprice,worldmarketprice,orproductioncost.)Foreignexchangecontrolmeansvariousformsofrestrictionimp
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