国际贸易 international trade

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广东省省级精品课程国际贸易第一章导论广东外语外贸大学何元贵教授Jan.,20101好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 Chapter1：INTRODUCTION§1.GeneralReview1、TheHistoryandStationoftheCourseInternationalTradeSovietModelinEarlyTimes.InternationalEconomicsin90’s.OneofCompulsoryCourseforStudentsMajoredinEconomics.2好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 2、TheRelationbetweenInternationalTradeandotherSubjects2.1TheSubjectOriginofInternationalTradeInternationalEconomics(InternationalTradeandInternationalFinance)EconomicsPhilosophy2.2InternationalTradevsPhilosophy&Science3好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 2.3TheRelationbetweenInternationalTradeandotherCoursesinInternationalTradeSubjectEconomicsistheforwardcourse,especiallyMicroeconomics；It’stheforwardcourseofWTO,TransnationalCorperations,InternationalInvestment,andetc；It’stheparallelcoursewithGeneralReviewofChineseForeignTrade.4好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 3、ReferenceMaterial1)PeterLindert（彼得.林得特），InternationalEconomics，上海译文出版社，1985.2)DominickSalvatore,InternationalEconomics,EighthEdition,JohnWiley&SonsInc.,2004.3)PaulKrugmanandMauriceObstfeld,InternationalEconomics:TheoryandPolicy(FifthEdition),Addison-WestleyPublishingCompany，2000.4)Allkindsacdemicjournalsandnewpapers,suchas:InternationalTrade,JournalofInternationalTrade、WorldEconomy、InternationalBusinessDaily、人大报刊复印资料。5)Internet.Suchas:中华人民共和国商务部.htm5好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 4、PlanandArrangement1)3hoursclassesstudyeveryweek;2)3homeworks，oneiscoursepaper;3)1seminar4)1finaltest5)1innovativeteachingclass6)CourseEvaluationThegradingsystemforthecourseisbasedonthestudents’academicperformance.Thatincludes:30%homework&classperformance+70%finalexam.6好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 §2.TheEmergence&DevelopmentofInternationalTrade&thetheoryofInternationalTrade1、TheEmergence&DevelopmentofInternationalTrade1.1ConceptInternationaltradeistheexchangeactivityofgoodsandservicesacrossinternationalbordersorterritories.Foreigntradeistheexchangeactivityofgoodsandservicesbetweenonecountry(district)withothers.7好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 1.2ThePrerequisiteforEmergenceofInternationalTrade（1）Therearesurplusproductsforexchange;（2）Establishmentofnationalstateswiththeirownsovereignty.8好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 1.3TheHistoryofInternationalTrade1)TheearlyinternationaltradeoccurredinancientRomaandGreece.Definitely,it’sonly“tradebetweendistricts”.2)Onlyafterindustrialrevolution,internationaltradeandworldmarkethaddefinitelyformedandgotdeveloped.3)AftertheSecondWorldWar，internationaltradeenteredanewdevelopingera,especiallyinthefieldsofservicetrade,TransnationalCorperations,InternationalInvestment.9好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 ValueofWorldMerchandiseTradeUnit:US$hundredmillion(亿美圆)YearExportImport1950554.00580.0019601131.001194.0019703145.813289.21198019936.2520474.25199034250.4335565.09200061648.4063728.7510好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 1.4TheHistoryofChineseFoeignTradeEarlyinXihan,ChinastartedtradewithMiddleEastandEuropethroughthefamous“SilkRoad”。Fromthesetof“SilkRoad”to“theOpiumWar(1840-1842)”，thedevelopmentofChineseforeigntradewerestganant。Untilmid19’s，ChinahadbennopeneditsforeigntradedoorbyEuropeanandAmericanartillery。ChinacastedoffthecontrolofwesterncountriesonlyaftertheNewChinafoundedin1949.Butthen，forthereasonssuchasembargofromwesterncountrieswhichleadedbyU.S.，Chinahadtocarryonclosed-doorpolicyagain.Anditsforeigntradefalledintostagnancyoncemore.11好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 So，theexportratioofChinaintheworlddroppedfrom1.9%in1959to0.8%in1969,then0.74%in1978！After1978,Chineseforeigntradeenteredintoafastdevelopingperiod.From1978to2006，thevalueofChinesemerchandisetradeincreasedfromUS$20640million(206.4亿美圆)toUS$1760690million,theyearlyaveragegrowthrateisover15%，farmorethanthatofothercountriesandtheworldaveragegrowth.Chinabecamethethirdcountryoftradeintheworld.12好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 Chineseservicetradegotdevelopedinlate80’s.ThevalueofserviceexportincreasedfromtheonlyUS$2700millionin1982toUS$5748millionin1990,thenUS$157081millionin2005,andbecametheeighthserviceexportcountryintheworld.13好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 Questions(homework1)：(1)BalanceofforeigntradeofChinain2008and2009?(2)BalanceofsrevicetradeofChinain2008and2009?(3)HowabouttheChineseratioandrankinworldtrade?(4)Statistictradedatasofothermaincountries.14好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 2、TheProduce&DevelopmentoftheTheoryofInternationalTrade国际贸易中充满的异国情调和浪漫主义色彩，在历史上曾使许多国家的商人、航海家、旅行家和小说家为之神往。他们的口述笔扎在促进各族人民的经济贸易交往中曾起过很大作用。错综复杂的国际贸易问题也吸引了各个时代的经济学家们的注意力。每一代的著名经济学家都参加到国际贸易问题的讨论中。经典作家和其他一些著名的经济学家曾在这上面倾注过大量的心血。（姚曾荫，国际贸易概论，第8页，人民出版社，1987）15好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 TheDevelopmentTrackofInternationalTradeTheoryEarly15’s—Mid18’s，Mercantilism;Mid18’s，Tradebasedonabsoluteadvantage(AdamSmith)；tradebasedoncomparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)；After20’s,H-OModel；TheLeontiefParadoxbyW.W.Leontief;SpecificfactormodelbyPaulSamuelson；BhagwatiEffectbyJagdishBhagwati；Intra-industryTradeModelbyPaulKrugman；TradeModelinProductCyclebyRaymondVernon.16好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 3、StudyPatternInternationaltradetheoryisdividedto:PositivetheoryNormativetheory17好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 PositiveAnalysis：Mainlyshowstherelationsbetweeneconomicvariables,analysesthereasonsandresultsofallkindstradebehaviorandpolicys,butnotgivejudgmentandcomment.PositiveAnalysisisakindoftechnicalanalysis.NormativeAnalysis：ismainlythediagnosisandjudgmentorcommenttotheresultsofpositiveanalysis.Andthediagnosisandcommentreflectdifferentcognitionandvalueview.18好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 RelationbetweenPositiveAnalysisandNormativeAnalysis:Usuallycloselyrelated,cannotbecutted.Positiveanalysissupplythebasisfornormativeanalysis.Atheorywithoutpositiveanalysisisalwaysshortofconviction。Ontheotherhands,ifatheoryonlycomposedbypositiveanalysisbutnonormativeanalysis,it’llloseitseconomicsocialsignificance.So，internationaltradetheoryshouldbetheuniteofpositiveanalysisandnormativeanalysis.Moststatementsarenoteasilycategorizedaspurelypositiveorpurelynormative.19好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 4、UsualEconomicAnalysisTools(1)Theautarkyequilibriumanalysis---productionpossibilityfrontier(PPF),opportunitycost,indifferencecurve；(2)Partequilibriumanalysis---supplycurve,demandcurve.20好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 ImplicationsfortheproductionpossibilityfrontieryXThemarginalrateoftransformation(MRT)increasesasmoreunitsofgoodXareproduced.Themarginalrateoftransformationisanothernameforopportunitycost.ThevalueofMRTisgivenbytheslopeofthePPF.21好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 CommunityindifferencecurvesAcommunityindifferencecurvedisplaysthecombinationsoftwoproductsthatofferthecommunitythesamelevelofsatisfaction.Characteristicsofcommunityindifferencecurves:NegativeslopeConvextotheoriginDifferentcurvesdonotcross22好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 CommunityindifferencecurveYIIIIIIXThemarginalrateofsubstitution(MRS)fallsasmoreofgoodXisconsumed.TheMRSistheamountofonecommoditythatmustbegivenupasonegainsadditionalunitsofanothercommodity.23好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 TheautarkyequilbriumAutarkyexistsintheabsenceofinternationaltrade.Theautarkyequilibriumoccurswhenmaximumsocietalsatisfactionhasbeenobtainfromavailableproduction.ThiswilloccurwhenonecommunityindifferencecurveistangenttothePPF.XY24好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏 Review:C1.INTRODUCTION§1.GeneralReview概述1、国际贸易课程的历史及其地位2、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系3、国际贸易课程学习参考资料4、本学期学习安排§2.国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述1、国际贸易的产生和发展(世界和中国)2、国际贸易理论的发展3、国际贸易的研究方法4、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具25好运动者健，好思考者智，好助人者乐好读书者博，好旅游者悦，好追求者成持续更新●▂●请收藏