(康德) Kant - [1788] [n.d.] - Critique of Practical Reason (trans. Thomas K. Abbott) (copy 2).pdf

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1、CritiqueOfPracticalReason,The1788THECRITIQUEOFPRACTICALREASONbyImmanuelKanttranslatedbyThomasKingsmillAbbottPREFACEPREFACE.ThisworkiscalledtheCritiqueofPracticalReason,notofthepurepracticalreason,althoughitsparallelismwiththespeculativecritiquewouldseemtorequirethelatterterm.Thereasonofth

2、isappearssufficientlyfromthetreatiseitself.Itsbusinessistoshowthatthereispurepracticalreason,andforthispurposeitcriticizestheentirepracticalfacultyofreason.Ifitsucceedsinthis,ithasnoneedtocriticizethepurefacultyitselfinordertoseewhetherreasoninmakingsuchaclaimdoesnotpresumptuouslyoverstep

3、itself(asisthecasewiththespeculativereason).Forif,aspurereason,itisactuallypractical,itprovesitsownrealityandthatofitsconceptsbyfact,andalldisputationagainstthepossibilityofitsbeingrealisfutile.Withthisfaculty,transcendentalfreedomisalsoestablished;freedom,namely,inthatabsolutesenseinwhic

4、hspeculativereasonrequireditinitsuseoftheconceptofcausalityinordertoescapetheantinomyintowhichitinevitablyfalls,wheninthechainofcauseandeffectittriestothinktheunconditioned.Speculativereasoncouldonlyexhibitthisconcept(offreedom)problematicallyasnotimpossibletothought,withoutassuringitanyo

5、bjectivereality,andmerelylestthesupposedimpossibilityofwhatitmustatleastallowtobethinkableshouldendangeritsverybeingandplungeitintoanabyssofscepticism.Inasmuchastherealityoftheconceptoffreedomisprovedbyanapodeicticlawofpracticalreason,itisthekeystoneofthewholesystemofpurereason,eventhespe

6、culative,andallotherconcepts(thoseofGodandimmortality)which,asbeingmereideas,remaininitunsupported,nowattachthemselvestothisconcept,andbyitobtainconsistenceandobjectivereality;thatistosay,theirpossibilityisprovedbythefactthatfreedomactuallyexists,forthisideaisrevealedbythemorallaw.Freedom

7、,however,istheonlyoneofalltheideasofthespeculativereasonofwhichweknowthepossibilityapriori(without,however,understandingit),becauseitistheconditionofthemorallawwhichweknow.*TheideasofGodandimmortality,however,arenotconditionsofthemorallaw,butonlyconditionsoftheneces