(康德) Kant - [1787] [n.d.] - The Critique of Pure Reason (trans. J. M. D. Meiklejohn) (copy 2).pdf

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1、1781THECRITIQUEOFPUREREASONbyImmanuelKanttranslatedbyJ.M.D.MeiklejohnPREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITION,1781Humanreason,inonesphereofitscognition,iscalledupontoconsiderquestions,whichitcannotdecline,astheyarepresentedbyitsownnature,butwhichitcannotanswer,astheytranscendeveryfacultyoft

2、hemind.Itfallsintothisdifficultywithoutanyfaultofitsown.Itbeginswithprinciples,whichcannotbedispensedwithinthefieldofexperience,andthetruthandsufficiencyofwhichare,atthesametime,insuredbyexperience.Withtheseprinciplesitrises,inobediencetothelawsofitsownnature,toeverhigherand

3、moreremoteconditions.Butitquicklydiscoversthat,inthisway,itslaboursmustremaineverincomplete,becausenewquestionsneverceasetopresentthemselves;andthusitfindsitselfcompelledtohaverecoursetoprincipleswhichtranscendtheregionofexperience,whiletheyareregardedbycommonsensewithoutdis

4、trust.Itthusfallsintoconfusionandcontradictions,fromwhichitconjecturesthepresenceoflatenterrors,which,however,itisunabletodiscover,becausetheprinciplesitemploys,transcendingthelimitsofexperience,cannotbetestedbythatcriterion.ThearenaoftheseendlesscontestsiscalledMetaphysic.T

5、imewas,whenshewasthequeenofallthesciences;and,ifwetakethewillforthedeed,shecertainlydeserves,sofarasregardsthehighimportanceofherobject-matter,thistitleofhonour.Now,itisthefashionofthetimetoheapcontemptandscornuponher;andthematronmourns,forlornandforsaken,likeHecuba:Modomaxi

6、marerum,Totgeneris,natisquepotens...Nunctrahorexul,inops.**Ovid,Metamorphoses.[xiii,"Butlateonthepinnacleoffame,stronginmymanysons.nowexiled,penniless."]Atfirst,hergovernment,undertheadministrationofthedogmatists,wasanabsolutedespotism.But,asthelegislativecontinuedtoshowtrac

7、esoftheancientbarbaricrule,herempiregraduallybrokeup,andintestinewarsintroducedthereignofanarchy;whilethesceptics,likenomadictribes,whohateapermanenthabitationandsettledmodeofliving,attackedfromtimetotimethosewhohadorganizedthemselvesintocivilcommunities.Buttheirnumberwas,ve

8、ryhappily,small;andthustheycouldnotentirelyputastoptotheexertionsofthosewho