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1、Class5.MotivationTheory§5.1conceptMotivation:•thewillingnesstoexerthighlevelsofefforttowardorganizationalgoals,conditionedbytheeffort’sabilitytosatisfysomeindividualneed•Need:someinternalstatethatmakescertainoutcomesappearattractive•Process:unsatisfiedneed---tension--
2、-drives---searchbehavior---satisfiedneed----reductionoftension§5.2EarlytheoryofMotivationThe1950swereafruitfulperiodinthedevelopmentofmotivationconcepts.3specifictheorieswereformulatedduringthistime20/201.HierarchyofNeedsTheoryAbrahamMaslow•Thereisahierarchyof5needs--
3、-physiological,safety,social,esteem,&self-actualization---andaseachneedissequentiallysatisfied,thenextneedbecomesdominant•Separation:Lowerorderneeds---needsthataresatisfiedexternally;physiological&safetyneeds•review:1.intuitivelylogical,easeofunderstanding,receivingwi
4、derecognition,particularlyamongpracticingmanagers.2.littleempiricalsupport2.TheoryXandTheoryYDouglasMcGregorproposed2distinctviewsofhumanbeing•Theassumptionthatemployeesdislikework,arelazy,dislikeresponsibility,&mustbecoercedto20/20perform•employeesdislikework&,whenev
5、erpossible,willattempttoavoidit;Theymustbecoerced,controlled,orthreatenedwithpunishmenttoachievegoals;avoidresponsibilities&seekformaldirectionwheneverpossible;Mostworkersplacesecurityaboveallotherfactorsassociatedwithwork&willdisplaylittleambition•TheoryY:Theassumpti
6、onthatemployeeslikework,arecreative,seekresponsibility,&canexerciseself-directionhigherorderneedsdominateindividuals3.Motivation-HygieneTheoryFrederickHerzberg,individual’srelationtohiswork20/20•Intrinsicfactorsarerelatedtojobsatisfaction,whileextrinsicfactorsareassoc
7、iatedwithdissatisfaction•satisfaction,Nosatisfaction•Hygienefactors:thosefactors---suchascompanypolicy&administration,supervision,&salary---that,whenadequateinjob,placateworkers.Whenthesefactorsareadequate,peoplewillnotbedissatisfied§5.2ContemporarytheoryofMotivationh
8、avingonethingincommon:eachhasareasonabledegreeofvalidsupportingdocumentation1.ERGtheoryClaytonAlderferofYalereworked20/20Mas
