HND 经济学导论outcome3标答.doc

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1、Assessmenttask3Outcome(s)covered3AssessmenttaskinstructionsReadthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestions.Governmentsareconcernedwhenmarketsfailandoftenintervene.Thisisparticularlyimportantwhenpublicandmeritgoodsareinvolved.RecentlytheUKgovernmentintervenedintwoparticular

2、cases.Thefirstcaseinvolvedsupermarkets;thesecond,TVcompanies.AdecisionbygovernmenttoallowMorrisonstobidtotakeoverSafewayinvolvedthemblockingrivalbidsbyTesco,Sainsbury,andASDA.Atthesametime,theyallowedthemergerofCarltonandGranadatogoahead.Thiscreatedacompany,whichwouldha

3、veasubstantialshareofthemarket.Therewererumoursthatthisnewconsortiumwould,inthenearfuture,possiblytakeovertheScottish,GrampianandBorderTVstationsleadingtoa‘monopoly’situationwithonelargeITVcompanyforthewholeoftheUK.TheUKgovernmentiscommittedtocompetitionbutthereseemtobe

4、occasionswhenitallowsadominantforceinamarket.Governmentusesseveraldifferentpoliciestocopewithmarketfailureandoftenhastoaddresstheproblemofexternalities.LondonhasrecentlyintroducedacongestionchargeandEdinburghCouncilisconsideringsomethingsimilarinordertoreducetheuseofpri

5、vatecarsinthesecities.TheGreenPartyhaslongheldapolicytoreducetrafficcongestionbyadvocatinggreateruseofpublictransport.Thesepoliciesaredesignedtoaddressnegativeexternalities.Withglobalwarmingamajorconcernforthefuture,thereappearstobegreaterpressureongovernmenttointervene

6、inmarketfailure.Assessmenttask3Outcome(s)covered3AssessmenttaskinstructionsAnswerthefollowingquestions:1Whatismeantbypublicandmeritgoods?Giveanexampleofeach.2ExplainwhytheGovernmentallowedthemergerofCarltonandGranadawhilerefusingTesco,SainsburyandASDAtheopportunityoftak

7、ingoverSafeway.AlternativetoQuestion2(Sampling)3Governmentsusetaxationpolicytoregulate‘negativeexternalities’.Oneoftheseisataxonfuelusedintransport.ExplainwhygovernmentstaxfuelandhowitaffectsthetransportmarketintheUK.Assessmenttask3Outcome(s)covered3Suggestedsolutionand

8、makinganassessmentdecision1Meritgoodissociallydesirablebutwouldnotbeproducediflefttoprivatesector,egeducation.