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1、GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeech直接引语和间接引语引用或转述别人的话时，有两种说法：一字不改的将别人的话加以引用和复述，并将它放在引号内，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在括号内，叫间接引语。Hesaid,“Iamadoctor.”(直接引语)Hesaidthathewasadoctor.(间接引语)Shesaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”(直接引语)ShesaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.(间接引语)在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时
2、态的变化2.注意人称变化3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化5.注意地点的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化陈述句的间接引语一般疑问句的间接引语特殊疑问句的间接引语选择疑问句的间接引语祈使句的间接引语反义疑问句的间接引语陈述句的间接引语（转述他人的陈述）用连词that引导的宾语从句，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthatHesaid,“Ihavebeentot
3、heGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.一般疑问句的间接引语（转述他人的疑问）间接引语用连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciat
4、ion?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.特殊疑问句的间接引语（转述他人的问题）原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howma
5、nycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.选择疑问句的间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldta
6、kebusortaketrain.祈使句的间接引语引述祈使句多半采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，常用的引述动词有ask，tell，order等，直接引语若是否定式，not放在to前面Theteachersaidtohermother,‘‘Pleasegivemethebook.”Theteachertoldhermothertogiveherthebook.反义疑问句的间接引语间接引语用连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，常用的引述动词为ask(sb)，语序是陈述句的语序“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyo
7、u?”mymotherasked.Mymotheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedthehomework.直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtous,‘‘Theearthisround.”Theteachertoldusthattheearthisround.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopac
8、kseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史
