美国财产法Chapter 9 Private land use planning.doc

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1、PKU-STLHuChapter9PrivatelanduseplanningA.Easements1.Basiceasementsrecognizedunderthemodernlaw(1)Expresseasement(2)Impliedeasementbypriorexistinguse(3)Easementbynecessity(4)Prescriptiveeasement(5)Easementbyestoppel(orirrevocablelicense)2.Someterms:(1)Dominanttenementordominantl

2、and:thelandbenefitedbytheeasement(2)Servienttenementorservientland:thelandburdenedbytheeasement(3)Appurtenanteasement:connectedtothedominantland(4)Easementingross:notconnectedtothedominantland,personaltotheholder(5)Affirmativeeasement:allowtheholdertoperformanactontheservientl

3、and(mosteasementsareaffirmative)(6)Negativeeasement:allowtheholdertopreventtheservientownerfromperforminganactontheservientland3.Creatingeasements(1)Themostcommontypeofeasementistheexpresseasementwhichisvoluntarilycreatedbytheservientowner,usuallyinadeed.(2)Expresseasementmaya

4、risebyeithergrantorreservation.a.Expresseasementbygrant:theservientownergrantsaneasementtothedominantownerb.Expresseasementbyreservation:thedominantownergrantstheservientlandtotheservientowner,butretainsorreservesaneasementovertheproperty.(traditionally,itcouldbeonlyreservedin

5、favorofthedominantowner;mostmoderndecisionsallowthiseasementtobereservedinfavorofathirdparty)(3)MillbrookHuntInc.v.Smith(1998)expresseasementa.Facts:Smith’spredecessor(landlord)andHunt(anorganization)enteredintoanagreementwhichpermitstheHunttousethelandforthepurposeoffoxhuntin

6、gforatermof75years.After8years,SmithejectedmembersofHuntwhiletheywereperformingroutinemaintenanceoftheirfox-huntingtrails.12PKU-STLHuHuntclaimedaneasement,whileSmithclaimedarevocablelicense.a.Issue:whethertheagreementgrantedaneasementorarevocablelicenseb.Rule:1)Aneasementimpli

7、esaninterestinlandordinarilycreatedbyagrant,andispermanentinnature.2)Alicensedoesnotimplyaninterestinland,butisamerepersonalprivilegetocommitsomeactorseriesofactsonthelandofanotherwithoutpossessinganyestate.c.Reasoning:1)Todeterminethetruecharacterofaninterest,acourtmustexamin

8、ethenatureoftherightratherthanthenamegiventoitbytheparties.2)