美国财产法Chapter 13 Taking

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1、PKU-STLHuChapter13TakingsA.FoundationEra1.Noxioususeornuisancetest:Aregulationadoptedunderthepolicepowertoprotectthepublichealth,safety,orwelfarewasnotataking,evenifitreducedthevalueofproperty.2.Ifregulationgoestoofaritwillberecognizeasataking.Thequestionis,thereisnoclearstandardtoofhowfar

2、istoofar.B.Anewdoctrine1.TheregulatorytakingdoctrinewasfirstrecognizedinPennsylvaniaCoalcase.Butthestandardinthiscasehasbeensupersededbymoremoderntests,likethePennCentralstandard.2.PennsylvaniaCoalCo.v.Mahon(1922)(1)Facts:ThedeedbetweenCoalCoandMahonin1878providedthatCoalCoreservedtheright

3、toremoveallthecoalundertheland,andPassumedalltherisksandwaivedallclaimsfordamagesthatmighthavearisenfromtheminingofcoal.TheKohleract,1921,forbidstheminingofanthracitecoalwhichcausethesubsidencetothesurfaceestate.MahonsuedtheCoalCotopreventitsmining.TheCoalCoclaimthattheactgoestotoofarwhich

4、actuallybecomeregulatorytakingstohismineralestate.(2)Issue:whethertheKohlerActcanberecognizedasataking(3)Rule:threefactorstest:a.Diminutionofvalueb.Publicinterest/privatenuisancec.Reciprocityofadvantage(4)Reasoning:a.Diminutionofvalue(denominatorproblem)1)Majority:100%,huge2)Dissent:values

5、arerelative,weshouldlookatthelandasawhole,notmuchb.Publicinterest/privatenuisance1)Majority:Mahon`spropertyisasinglehome,sothepublicsafetyinterestisnotenoughhere.Thepublicsafetycanbeprotectedbynoticeorothertools.2)Dissent:publicnuisance,causeharmtothepublicc.Reciprocityofadvantage9PKU-STLH

6、u1)Majority:noadvantagetoCoalcompany2)Dissent:regulatethecompetitorsofCoalcompanyaswell,allowsocietytobesafer,preventpeoplefrominjuredsofewerlawsuits.AndBrandeisthoughtthatwherepolicepowerisexercisedtoprotectthepublicfromdetrimentanddanger,thereisnoroomforconsideringreciprocityofadvantage.

7、(1)Pointsfordiscussiona.Theopinionfailedtoprovideaclearstandardfordecidingwhetheratakingexist.b.HyposonP923(1)Notatakinga.Diminutionofvalue:10%diminution.Notmuchb.Publicinterest:protectappleindustryc.Reciprocityofadvantages:maybeno(2)Probablynotatakinga.Diminu