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1、CHAPTER2ResearcharticlestructuresWewillnowlookattheoverallstructureofresearcharticlesinscience.Ingeneral,thisfollowsasetofconventionsthathavedevelopedovertheyearsfrom1665,whenthefirstissueofPhilosophicalTransactionsappearedinEngland.Itisimpor-tanttorecognizethat,
2、withinacommoncorestructure,therearevariationsfromfieldtofieldandfromjournaltojournal:alwayscheckthespecificrequirementsofyourtargetjournalbeforefinalizingthestructureofanyarticleyouwrite.Beforewelookattheresultsofresearchintoarticlestructure,completetheintroducto
3、rytaskbelow.Task2.1ArticleheadingsandsubheadingsReadquicklytofindtheheadingsofthesectionsofthePEAs(Chapters18and19):.Howiseachpaperorganized?.Whatarethemainheadingsandsubheadings?Makebriefnotes.CheckyouranswersintheAnswerpages.NowlookattheheadingsofyourSA(aSelect
4、edArticlefromyourownresearchfield)andtheSAofacolleague.Notethesimilaritiesanddifferencesyoufind.2.1Conventionalarticlestructure:AIMRaD(Abstract,Introduction,Materialsandmethods,Results,andDiscussion)anditsvariationsBeforeweexplorearticlestructureindetail,itisimpo
5、rtanttonotethatourfocusinthisbookisonresearcharticlesbasedonexperimentalresearch.Otherresearchparadigms,forexampleinhumanitiesandsocialsciencefields,usedifferentstructuresfortheirpapers.Similarly,papersotherthanresearcharticlesusedifferentstructures.Ofparticularr
6、elevancetoscientistsarereviewarticles(orreviews),whichdonotpresentnewdatafromfreshexperimentation,butratherselectivelydiscussandcomparethefindingsofotherscientists,inordertoadvancethinkingintheareaofinterest.Wewillthinkmoreabouttheseothertypesofscientificarticlei
7、nlatersubsections.First,wewillconsiderthehourglassWritingScientificResearchArticles:StrategyandSteps,1stedition.ByM.CargillandP.O’Connor.Published2009byBlackwellPublishing,ISBN978-1-4051-8619-3(pb)and978-1-4051-9335-1(hb)10Abstract(b)Introduction(1)Aframeworkfors
8、uccess(2)(3)(c)Methods(a)Results(d)Discussion(a)(b)(1)(3)(2)(c)(d)ThewholestructureisgovernedbytheResultsbox;everythinginthearticlemustrelatetoandbeconnected
