The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes（OCRed）

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1、IMRELAKATOSEditedbyJohnWorrallandGregoryCurrieThemethodologyofscientificresearchprograllllllesPhilosophicalPapersVolumeIIMRELAKATOSEDITEDBYJOHNWORRALLANDGREGORYCURRIETheTightoftheUmvers,fJofCambrlc/gt'10printands('//allmannerofboo/..sIta~KruntedbyHenryVIIfIn1534TheUmversllyhtJpflnlt'dandpubhsht

2、'dcontinuous!)'since1584CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSCAMBRIDGENEWYORKPORTCHESTERMELBOURNESYDNEYPublishedbythePressSyndicateoftheUniversityofCambridgeThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,CambridgeCB2IRP32East57thStreet,NewYork,NY10022,USA10StamfordRoad,Oakleigh,Melbourne3166,Australia©ImreLakatosMemorial

3、AppealfundandtheEstateofImreLakatosIg78Firstpublished1978Firstpaperbackedition1g80Reprinted1g84,1g86,1g8gPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataLakatos,ImrePhilosophicalpapers.VolI:ThemethodologyofscientificresearchprogrammesI.Science-Philosophy2.Mathematics-P

4、hilosophyI.Title11.Worrall,JohnIll.Currie,GregoryIV.Methodologyofscientificresearchprogrammes5°7'·2Q175·377-71415ISBN0-521-28°31-1paperbackContentsEditors'introductionvIntroduction:Scienceandpseudoscience11Falsificationandthemethodologyofscientificresearchprogrammes8IScience:reasonorreligion?82F

5、allibilismversusfalsificationism10aDogmatic(ornaturalistic)falsificationism.Theempiricalbasis12bMethodologicalfalsificationism.The'empiricalbasis'20CSophisticatedversusnaivemethodologicalfalsificationism.Progressiveanddegeneratingproblemshifts313Amethodologyofscientificresearchprogrammes47aNegat

6、iveheuristic:the'hardcore'oftheprogramme48bPositiveheuristic:theconstructionofthe'protectivebelt'andtherelativeautonomyoftheoreticalscience49cTwoillustrations:ProutandBohr52IProut:aresearchprogrammeprogressinginanoceanofanomalies532Bohr:aresearchprogrammeprogressingoninconsistentfoundations55dAn

7、ewlookatcrucialexperiments:theendofinstantrationality68ITheMichelson-Morleyexperiment732TheLummer-Pringsheimexperiments793Beta-decayversusconservationlaws814Conclusion.Therequirementofcontinuousgrowth864ThePopperianversusthe