定语从句复习.doc

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1、●GrammarandusageI.定语从句讲析（Theattributiveclause）一、关键词1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that,which,who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词可以1)代替先行词；2)引导定语从句；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Thecarwhic

2、hmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.句中，thecar为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句whichmyunclehadjustbought，同时代替先行词thecar在定语从句中作主语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Theboy(who／whom／that／)

3、wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。FruittreeswhichoncegrewonlyinChinacanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.Thegoldmedalwhichshewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。ThewomanthatIreadabouti

4、nthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.Cornisaveryusefulplantthatcanbepreparedinmanydifferentways.ThereportthatMr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.5.whose通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeveryb

5、ody.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.Note:whose指物时，常用ofwhich结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.三、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?Thetimewhenmy

6、fatherworkedwasahardtime.ThereweretimeswhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.Hehelpedhisfatheronthesmallfarmwheretheylived.Thefarmwherewepickedcottonwasninekilometersaway.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thesearethereasonswhywedoit.I

7、don’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhen／onwhichIjoinedthearmy.Kentuckyisthestatewhere／inwhichLincolnwasborn.Thereasonwhy／forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句

8、和非限制性定语从句的区别1.限制性定语从句在形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。翻译时译成先行词的定语“……的”。Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.2.非限制性定语从句在形式上用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是对先行词意义的补充说明，如去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思，