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1、AIDS1.ConceptAcquiredimmunedeficiency（[di'fiʃənsi]）syndrome（['sindrəum]）（获得性免疫缺陷综合症）oracquiredimmunodeficiency（[i'mju:nəudi'fiʃənsi]）syndrome(AIDS)isadiseaseofthehumanimmunesystemcausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)（人类免疫不全病毒）.Itistransmittedthroughdirectcontact
2、ofamucousmembrane（['mju:kəs]['membrein]粘膜)orthebloodstream(血液流动)withabodilyfluidcontainingHIV,suchasblood,semen,vaginalfluid,preseminalfluid,andbreastmilk.2.HISTORYGeneticresearchindicatesthatHIVoriginatedinwest-centralAfricaduringthelatenineteenthorearlytwentiethcen
3、tury.AIDSwasfirstrecognizedbytheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionin1981anditscause,HIV,identifiedintheearly1980s.AIDSisnowapandemic.3.CAUSEa)SexualtransmissionThemajorityofHIVinfectionsareacquiredthroughunprotectedsexualrelationsbetweenpartners,oneofwhomhasHI
4、V.TheprimarymodeofHIVinfectionworldwideisthroughsexualcontactbetweenmembersoftheoppositesex.b)Exposuretoblood-bornepathogens(['pæθədʒən]病原体)Thistransmissionrouteisparticularlyrelevanttointravenous（['intrə'vi:nəs]静脉）drugusers,hemophiliacs（[,hi:mə'filiæk]）andrecipients
5、（[ri'sipiənt]）ofbloodtransfusionsandbloodproducts.SharingandreusingsyringescontaminatedwithHIV-infectedbloodrepresentsamajorriskforinfectionwithHIV.c)Perinatal（[,peri'neitəl]产期的）transmissionThetransmissionofthevirusfromthemothertothechildcanoccurinutero（子宫）duringthel
6、astweeksofpregnancyandatchildbirth.4.SymptomsThesymptomsofAIDSareprimarilytheresultofconditionsthatdonotnormallydevelopinindividualswithhealthyimmunesystems.OpportunisticinfectionsarecommoninpeoplewithAIDS.Theseinfectionsaffectnearlyeveryorgansystem.PeoplewithAIDSals
7、ohaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingvariouscancerssuchasKaposi'ssarcoma（[sɑ:'kəumə]特发性出血性肉瘤）,cervical（['sə:vikəl]颈部的）cancerandcancersoftheimmunesystemknownaslymphomas（[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤）.Additionally,peoplewithAIDSoftenhavesystemicsymptomsofinfectionlikefevers,sweats(particu
8、larlyatnight),swollenglands（[glænd]）,chills,weakness,andweightloss.5.Preventiona)Becarefulaboutyoursexualcontact.b)HIV-infectedmoth
