Summary写法.ppt

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1、PrécisorSummariesDefinitionAsummaryisashortparagraphgivingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.QualitiesofaSummaryObjectivity:Noideathatisnottheauthor’sshouldbeincludedinthesummary,andnoopinionofthesummarywritershouldbeinthesummary.Nojudgmentsarepermittedinasummary.Completeness:Dependi

2、ngontheassignment,thesummaryshouldcontaineverymainideainthearticle.Statingonlythefirstmainideaoronlyonemainideaanddetailstosupportitwillnotgivethereaderacompleteideaofwhatthearticlewasabout.Balance:Givingequalattentiontoeachmainideaandstressingideathattheauthorstresseswillresultinanaccurat

3、esummary.TheStepsofWritingaSummary1.Readthearticlecarefully,trytounderstanditaccuratelyandlookformainideas.2.Writealistofpointsinnoteformwhilereadingthepassageorthearticle.3.Connectyourpointstowritearoughdraftofthesummaryinyourownwords.Refertothepassageorthearticleonlywhenyouwanttomakesure

4、ofsomepoints.Donotcountthenumberofwordsuntilyouhavefinishedyourrougedraft.TheStepsofWritingaSummary4.Revisetheroughdraft,insertingtransitionalwordsandphraseswherenecessarytoensurecoherence.5.Writeafaircopyofthesummarywithinthewordlimitaftercheckingforgrammaticalcorrecting,punctuationandspe

5、lling.Suggestionsonwritingsummaries1.Omittingthedetails.Onlytheimportantpointsshouldbeincludedinthesummary;allthedetailsthatexplainthemainpointscanbeleftout.2.Reducingtheexamples.Outoffiveorsixexamplesgivenintheoriginalpassage,oneortwomaybechosenforthesummary;therestareomitted.3.Simplifyin

6、gthedescriptions.Ifinthepassagetherearetensentencesdescribingapersonoranobject,itwillbeenoughtokeepjustoneortwointhesummary.Suggestionsonwritingsummaries4.Eliminatingallrepetitions.Sometimesastatementisrepeatedforemphasis.Thisisnotnecessaryinasummary.5.Usingphrasesinsteadofclausesorsentenc

7、es.6.Usinggeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords.Suggestionsonwritingsummaries7.Usingtheshortestpossibletransitions.Forexample,but,then,thus,yet,andfor,canbeusedinplaceoflongertransitionssuchasatthesametime,ontheotherhand,etc.Oftenthesemicoloncantaketheplaceofatra