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1、ANTINEOPLASTICAGENTS（抗肿瘤药）1SECTION1Introduction（概述）SECTION2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的药物）SECTION3AgentsinterferingwithDNAsynthesis（干扰DNA合成的药物）SECTION4Antimitoticagents（抗有丝分裂的药物）SECTION5Newtargetsforantineoplasticagents（抗肿瘤药物的新靶点）2SECTON1Introductionneoplasm（肿瘤）Themedicaltermf
2、orcancerortumorisneoplasm（肿瘤）,whichmeans“arelativelyautonomousgrowthoftissue.”Tumorisageneraltermindicatinganyabnormalmassorgrowthoftissue,notnecessarilylife-threatening.A“canceroustumor”isamalignantneoplasmwithpotentialdanger.3sarcomaIntheearlyembryoofamulticellularorganismbeforeo
3、rgansbegintoform,cellsarrangethemselvesinthreelayers—ectodermal,mesodermal,andendodermal.Mesodermalcellsformbone,muscle,cartilage,andrelatedtissues.Acancerthatarisesfrommesodermaltissueiscalledsarcoma..4carcinomaEctodermalcellsformskin,itsappendages,andnervetissue.Endodermalcellsfo
4、rmtheintestinalsystemanditsassociatedorgansAcancerarisesfromecto-orendodermalcellsiscalledacarcinoma.5BlastomaThesuffix-blastomaisusedtoindicatecertaintypesoftumorsthathaveprimitiveappearanceresemblingembryonicstructures.CancersofbloodAcancerofthebloodinvolvingabnormalincreaseofleu
5、kocytesiscalledleukemia.6CellgrowthcyclesInacell’snucleus,DNAreplicationoccursduringonlyonespecificpartofthecellcycle,calledSforsynthesis.BetweendivisionandSisaperiodcalledG1inwhichcellsgrow,butdonotmakeDNA.InG1,manymoleculessuchasenzymesaresynthesized.AnotherperiodcalledG2occursbe
6、tweenSandtheperiodcalledM,duringwhichthetwoDNAcopiesseparate.7Althougheachofthesefourmainperiodsofthecellcycle(G1,S,G2,M)isunique,allinproperorderarenecessaryfornewcellproduction.Normalandcancercellsbehavedifferently.Normalcell:G1→G0→G1Cancercell:G1,S,G2,M→G0→die89SECTON2Agentsdire
7、ctlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的药物）IAlkylatingagents（烷化剂）IIPlatinumComplex(金属铂配合物)IIIBleomycin(博来霉素类)IV作用于DNA拓扑异构酶(topoismerase)的药物10IAlkylatingagentsAlkylatingagentsarereactivecompoundsthatactonDNA,RNA,andcertainenzymes.1.Nitrogenmustards2.Aziridines3.Methanesulfonateestersandmultiplealcoh
8、ols4.Nitrosoureas5.Triazem
