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1、ANTINEOPLASTICAGENTS（抗肿瘤药）1SECTION1Introduction（概述）SECTION2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的药物）SECTION3AgentsinterferingwithDNAsynthesis（干扰DNA合成的药物）SECTION4Antimitoticagents（抗有丝分裂的药物）SECTION5Newtargetsforantineoplasticagents（抗肿瘤药物的新靶点）2SECTON1Introductionneop
2、lasm（肿瘤）Themedicaltermforcancerortumorisneoplasm（肿瘤）,whichmeans“arelativelyautonomousgrowthoftissue.”Tumorisageneraltermindicatinganyabnormalmassorgrowthoftissue,notnecessarilylife-threatening.A“canceroustumor”isamalignantneoplasmwithpotentialdanger.3sarcomaI
3、ntheearlyembryoofamulticellularorganismbeforeorgansbegintoform,cellsarrangethemselvesinthreelayers—ectodermal,mesodermal,andendodermal.Mesodermalcellsformbone,muscle,cartilage,andrelatedtissues.Acancerthatarisesfrommesodermaltissueiscalledsarcoma..4carcinomaE
4、ctodermalcellsformskin,itsappendages,andnervetissue.EndodermalcellsformtheintestinalsystemanditsassociatedorgansAcancerarisesfromecto-orendodermalcellsiscalledacarcinoma.5BlastomaThesuffix-blastomaisusedtoindicatecertaintypesoftumorsthathaveprimitiveappearanc
5、eresemblingembryonicstructures.CancersofbloodAcancerofthebloodinvolvingabnormalincreaseofleukocytesiscalledleukemia.6CellgrowthcyclesInacell’snucleus,DNAreplicationoccursduringonlyonespecificpartofthecellcycle,calledSforsynthesis.BetweendivisionandSisaperiodc
6、alledG1inwhichcellsgrow,butdonotmakeDNA.InG1,manymoleculessuchasenzymesaresynthesized.AnotherperiodcalledG2occursbetweenSandtheperiodcalledM,duringwhichthetwoDNAcopiesseparate.7Althougheachofthesefourmainperiodsofthecellcycle(G1,S,G2,M)isunique,allinproperord
7、erarenecessaryfornewcellproduction.Normalandcancercellsbehavedifferently.Normalcell:G1→G0→G1Cancercell:G1,S,G2,M→G0→die89SECTON2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的药物）IAlkylatingagents（烷化剂）IIPlatinumComplex(金属铂配合物)IIIBleomycin(博来霉素类)IV作用于DNA拓扑异构酶(topoismerase)的药
8、物10IAlkylatingagentsAlkylatingagentsarereactivecompoundsthatactonDNA,RNA,andcertainenzymes.1.Nitrogenmustards2.Aziridines3.Methanesulfonateestersandmultiplealcohols4.Nitrosoureas5.Triazem
