Cohesion and Coherence 衔接和连贯.ppt

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1、CohesionandCoherencePresenter:ToryConceptsofCoherenceTextvs.DiscourseTextureThenotionofCoherenceTextvs.DiscourseThetermtextisusedinlinguisticstorefertoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatdoesfromaunifiedwhole.Itmaybeanythingfromasingleproverbtoawholeplay,fromamomenta

2、rycryforhelptoanall-daydiscussiononacommittee.(HallidayandHasan,1976)Some(Coulthart)thinkthattextonlyreferstowrittenlanguage,notincludingspoken.Leechemploysthetermdiscoursetorefertocommunicativelanguage.Wecansaythatthetermsdonotrefertodifferentdomains(speechandwriting)butreflect

3、adifferentinfocus.Discourseistheumbrellatermforeitherspokenorwrittencommunicationbeyondthesentences.Textvs.DiscourseTextureAsemanticallycoherenttextmusthavetexture.Texturedistinguishestextandnon-text.(1)A:Howoldisyourson?B:Heisseven.(2)A:Howoldisyourson?B:Sheisplayinginthegarden

4、.(2)issemanticallyincoherent,shehasnoreferent.ThenotionofCoherenceWeshouldfirstrealizewhatcoherenceintuitivelymeansforlanguageusers.(normal,understandable)Coherencemayalsobetakenaspredictednotofasentence,butofpairs,triples…ofsentencesoroffragmentsorthewholeofadiscourse.Coherence

5、mayalsobepredictedofasentencerelativetothewhole.ClaireandKentclimbedMt.McKinleylastsummer.Shephotographedthepeak,andhesurveyedit.e.g.CohesionCohesionisasemanticconcept,itreferstorelationsofmeaningthatexistwithinthetext.Cohesionisachievedbycohesiveties.Somemaycallthemcohesivedevi

6、ces.Cohesivetiesaretheforcesthatkeepthetexttogetherintheoriginalorderandwhatwemanipulatewhenwetrytoregainatext’smeaningafterarecordingofitssentences.FivetypesofthegeneralphenomenonofCohesionReferenceSubstitutionEllipsisConjunctionCollocationReferenceAparticipantorcircumstantiale

7、lementintroducedatoneplaceinthetextcanbetakenasareferencepointforsomethingthatfollows.Referenceanaphoricrelations:lookbackinthetextfortheirinterpretation.cataphoricrelations:lookforwardforinterpretation.e.g.Peter,Peter,pumpkineater,Hadawifeandcouldn’tkeepher.Heputherinapumpkinsh

8、ell.Andtherehekeptherverywell.(anaphoricrelatio