澳大利亚国家概况英文版.doc

《澳大利亚国家概况英文版.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、.FLYTOAUWITHME……CONTENT1Federation21.1Coverment31.2NationalAnthem42Geography43Climate64History65Economy96Culcture116.1Arts126.2Media137Sports148Symbol16教育资料.1FederationTheCommonwealthofAustraliawasformedin1901whensixindependentBritishcoloniesagreedtojoin

2、togetherandbecomestatesofanewnation.Thebirthofthenationisoftenreferredtoas'federation'.ThisisbecausetheConstitutioncreateda'federal'systemofgovernment.Underafederalsystem,powersaredividedbetweenacentralgovernmentandindividualstates.InAustralia,powerwasdi

3、videdbetweentheAustralianGovernmentandthesixstategovernments.Australiahassix states:NewSouth Wales (NSW),Queensland (QLD),SouthAustralia (SA), Tasmania(TAS), Victoria (VIC)and WesternAustralia (WA)—andtwomajor mainland territories—the AustralianCapitalTe

4、rritory (ACT)andthe NorthernTerritory (NT). 教育资料.1.1CovermentAustraliaisa constitutionalmonarchy witha federal divisionofpowers.Itusesa parliamentarysystem ofgovernment with QueenElizabethII atitsapexasthe QueenofAustralia,arolethatisdistinctfromherposit

5、ionasmonarchoftheother Commonwealthrealms.TheQueenresidesintheUnitedKingdom,andsheisrepresentedbyherviceroysinAustralia(the Governor-General atthefederallevelandbythe Governors atthestatelevel),whobyconventionactontheadviceofherministers.Supremeexecutive

6、authorityisvestedbythe ConstitutionofAustraliainthesovereign,butthepowertoexerciseitisconferredbytheConstitutionspecificallyontheGovernor-General. ThemostnotableexercisetodateoftheGovernor-General's reservepowers outsidethePrimeMinister'srequestwasthedis

7、missaloftheWhitlamGovernmentinthe constitutionalcrisisof1975.Thefederalgovernmentis separated intothreebranches:·Thelegislature:thebicameral Parliament,definedinsection1oftheconstitutionascomprisingtheQueen(representedbytheGovernor-General),the Senate,an

8、dthe HouseofRepresentatives;·Theexecutive:the FederalExecutiveCouncil,inpracticetheGovernor-GeneralasadvisedbythePrimeMinisterandMinistersofState;·Thejudiciary:the HighCourtofAustralia andother federalcourts,whosejudgesare