澳大利亚国家概况英文版

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1、FLYTOAUWITHME……CONTENT1Federation21.1Coverment31.2NationalAnthem42Geography43Climate64History65Economy96Culcture116.1Arts126.2Media137Sports148Symbol16201FederationTheCommonwealthofAustraliawasformedin1901whensixindependentBritishcoloniesagreedtojointogetherandbecomestates

2、ofanewnation.Thebirthofthenationisoftenreferredtoas'federation'.ThisisbecausetheConstitutioncreateda'federal'systemofgovernment.Underafederalsystem,powersaredividedbetweenacentralgovernmentandindividualstates.InAustralia,powerwasdividedbetweentheAustralianGovernmentandthes

3、ixstategovernments.Australiahassix states:NewSouth Wales (NSW),Queensland (QLD),SouthAustralia (SA), Tasmania(TAS), Victoria (VIC)and WesternAustralia (WA)—andtwomajor mainland territories—the AustralianCapitalTerritory (ACT)andthe NorthernTerritory (NT). 201.1CovermentAus

4、traliaisa constitutionalmonarchy witha federal divisionofpowers.Itusesa parliamentarysystem ofgovernment with QueenElizabethII atitsapexasthe QueenofAustralia,arolethatisdistinctfromherpositionasmonarchoftheother Commonwealthrealms.TheQueenresidesintheUnitedKingdom,andshei

5、srepresentedbyherviceroysinAustralia(the Governor-General atthefederallevelandbythe Governors atthestatelevel),whobyconventionactontheadviceofherministers.Supremeexecutiveauthorityisvestedbythe ConstitutionofAustraliainthesovereign,butthepowertoexerciseitisconferredbytheCo

6、nstitutionspecificallyontheGovernor-General. ThemostnotableexercisetodateoftheGovernor-General's reservepowers outsidethePrimeMinister'srequestwasthedismissaloftheWhitlamGovernmentinthe constitutionalcrisisof1975.Thefederalgovernmentis separated intothreebranches:·Thelegis

7、lature:thebicameral Parliament,definedinsection1oftheconstitutionascomprisingtheQueen(representedbytheGovernor-General),the Senate,andthe HouseofRepresentatives;·Theexecutive:the FederalExecutiveCouncil,inpracticetheGovernor-GeneralasadvisedbythePrimeMinisterandMinistersof

8、State;·Thejudiciary:the HighCourtofAustralia andother federalcourts,whosejudgesareappoint