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1、RenaissanceinItalyThewordRenaissanceisaFrenchwordmeaningnewbirth,anamegiventothemovementinEuropethatinspiredmentoabandontherestraintsoftheMiddleAgesandtodevelopmoderninterests,enthusiasmandideals.ItsmostnotedfeaturewastheRevivalofLearning,anawakeningofmindandathirstafterthenewknowledge.Ke
2、ywords：ItalianRenaissancebackgroundhumanismNewLiteratureRenaissanceArt1.BackgroundInthe12thcentury,arediscoveryofGreekandRomanliteratureoccurredacrossEuropethateventuallyledtothedevelopmentofthehumanistmovementinthe14thcentury.InadditiontoemphasizingGreekandLatinscholarship,humanistsbelie
3、vedthateachindividualhadsignificancewithinsociety.ThegrowthofaninterestinhumanismledtothechangesintheartsandsciencesthatformcommonconceptionsoftheRenaissance.The14thcenturythroughthe16thcenturywasaperiodofeconomicfluxinEurope,themostextensivechangestookplaceinItaly.AfterthedeathofFrederic
4、kIIin1250,emperorslostpowerinItalyandthroughoutEurope,noneofFrederick^successorsequaledhim.Powerfellinsteadintothehandsofvariouspopes;aftertheGreatSchism(1378-1415;seeSchism,Great),whenthreepopesheldpowersimultaneously,controlreturnedtosecularrulers・DuringtheRenaissancesmallItalianrepubli
5、csdevelopedintodespotismsasthecentersofpowermovedfromthelandedestatestothecities.Europeitselfslowlydevelopedintogroupsofself-sufficientcompartments.AttheheightoftheRenaissancetherewerefivemajorcity-statesinItaly:thecombinedstateofNaplesandSicily,thePapalState,Florence,Milan,andVenice.Ital
6、y'seconomicgrowthisbestexemplifiedinthedevelopmentofstrongbanks,mostnotablytheMedicibankofFlorence.England,France,andSpainalsobegantodevelopeconomicallybasedclasssystems.1.HumanismHumanismisthekeynoteofRenaissance・Renaissancehumanismwasanactivityofculturalandeducationalreformengagedbyscho
7、lars,writers,andcivicleaderswhoaretodayknownasRenaissancehumanists・Itdevelopedduringthefourteenthandthebeginningofthefifteenthcenturies,andwasaresponsetothechallengeofmedievalscholasticeducation,emphasizingpractical,pre-professionalandpre-scientificstudies.Themaince
