1、英语中动词有谓语和非谓语之分。谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致，而非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词主要包括：动词不定式，动词的—ing形式和过去分词三种。第一节、非谓语结构认知1. 非谓语动词在句子中的功能：主语宾语表语定语补语状语同位语不定式_ing形式（动名）_ing形式（现分）过去分词2.非谓语动词的时态和语态形式（以动词do为例）：动词不定式动词的_ing形式过去分词一般式主动to dodoingdone被动to be donebeing done完成式主动to have done
2、having done被动to have been donehaving been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing动词的过去分词只有一种形式，即及物动词的过去分词常表示被动和完成，而个别动词(多数是不及物动词)只表示完成第二节 非谓语动词的时态和语态一．动词不定式的时态：不定式的一般式通常表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词同时发生；不定式的进行式（通常用于动态延续性动词）表示不定式动作与谓语动作同步发生；不定式的完成式通常表示不定式动作先
3、于谓语动词而发生或表示一个实际未发生的动作；不定式的完成进行式往往强调不定式动作在谓语动词之前一直在进行。例如：1.When I spoke to him, he pretended ___________(look) for something here and there.2.He looked tired. He seemed ______________(work) all night.3.Charles Babbage is generally considered ___________(
4、invent) the first computer.4.I would love _________ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.5.He ordered the man __________ (go) there at once.二．动词不定式的语态：一般情况下，在一个含有不定式的句子中，如果有不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）该不定式常用主动形式；如果出现的是不定
6、 can’t go out with you today, as I have a lot of clothes_________ (wash).8.“Have you any clothes __________ (wash) today?” asked the maid (女佣).9.Our school is a nice place _________ (visit).10. I found the chair comfortable _________ (sit) in.11. I thin
7、k the question difficult ________ (answer).12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).三._ing形式的时态: _ing形式的一般式通常表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语之后；完成式则表示动作先于谓语动
8、词而发生。如：15.________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.16.He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.17.I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.18._________ (Finish) the work, he went home.19.H
