Chapter Two Deixis(研).ppt

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1、ChapterTwoDeixis2.1Deixis—aComponentofPragmaticStudyDeixis(atechnicaltermfromGreek)means“indicating”or“pointing”.Anylinguisticformusedtoaccomplishthis“pointing”iscalledadeicticexpressionorindexicals.DeixisisafirstareaofstudyinpragmaticsIn“IndexicalExpressions”,(Bar-Hille

2、l,1954:76):Deixsisthefirstareaofstudyinpragmatics.Morethan90%ofthedeclarativesentencespeopleproduceareindexicalinthattheyinvolvereferencestothespeaker,addressee,timeandplaceofspeaking.Themeaningofdeicticexpressionscannotbecapturedbytruth-conditionalsemantics,andtheirinte

3、rpretationmustdependonanalysisofthecontextsofutteranceinwhichtheyoccur.Forexample:Youarestandingonmytoe.Requiredinformation:Whosaidit;Towhom;Whetherthehearerwasinfactstandingonthespeaker’stoeatthetimeofutterance.Deicticinformationisimportantfortheinterpretationofutteranc

4、esincommunication.Forexample:Givemethatumbrellaandkeepthisoneforyourself.I’llbehereagaininanhour.ConclusionSentencescontainingdeicticscannotfunctionincommunicationwithoutdeicticinformation.包装纸上注明的“当日产品，保证新鲜”，使人不可置信，因为上面看不到生产的日期．没有日期的“当日”，岂不是天天是“当日”？这样的产品，又怎么能“保证新鲜”呢？只有注明

5、生产日期的“当日产品”才算是名副其实．（摘自《新民晚报》，1985年10月18日，第５版，题目：“不知当日为何日”作者：龚宝良）广州《羊城晚报》（1986年11月3日，第１版）以“某些厂家存心欺骗顾客，在‘生产日期’上弄手法”为题（作者：郑佩华），报道了1986年10月下旬买到的“美味鱼柳”，标明的生产日期却是1986年11月；买到的“山楂饼”生产日期则是1987年2月23日；“速冻凉粉”的生产日期则是1987年2月13日．Typicalexamplesofdeicticexpressions:Pronouns,demonstrativ

6、es,someverbsofmotion,someadverbsofphrasesofplaceandtime,discourseconnectorsandallkindsoflinguisticdevicescontainingvariouskindsofsocialinformation.2.2DeicticCenterandDeicticProjection‘Nearspeaker’vs‘Awayfromspeaker’PersonPlaceTimeProximal（nearspeaker）thisherenowDistal（aw

7、ayfromspeaker）thattherethenDeicticcenterDefinition:thecentralpointofreferencetowhichdeicticexpressionsareanchoredinlinguisticcommunication.Deicticcenterisakeyelementinthedeicticsystem,becauseitisorganizedinanegocentricway.ThenormalunmarkeddeicticcenterLevinson(1983)p.64.

8、Centralperson:thespeakerCentraltime:codingtime(thetimeofspeaking)Centralplace:speaker’slocationatthecod