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1、SkoposTheoryForVermeer,translationisatypeofhumanaction,anintentional,purposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituation.Itisaformoftranslationactionbasedonasourcetext.Heholdsthatanyactionhasanaim,apurpose,sodoestranslationactivity.TheGreekword“skopos”,whichwasintroducedintotranslationtheorybyV
2、ermeerinthe1970s,isatechniquetermforthegoalorpurposeofatranslation,thatiswhatatranslatorisaimingatinthetranslationprocess.The essence of the theory:The prime principle determining any translation process is thepurpose (skopos) of the overall translation action,which is regarded as the central
3、 theory by the German Functionalism.The advantage of skopos theory is that it allows the possibility of the same text being translated in different ways according to the purpose of the TT and the commission which is given to the translator. It includes three principles: skopos rule, coherence
4、 rule, and fidelity rule. Skopos rule explains that translation is determined by purpose. Coherence rule mainly focus on the coherence of form and meaning. Fidelity rule is faithful to the original writing. If there is contradiction among three principles, skopos rule should be put in the fir
5、st place.skopos rule：Accordingtoskopostheory,principleofalltranslationactivitiesfollowthe"objectiveprinciple",namelythetranslationshouldbeinlanguagecontextandculture,accordingtothetargettextreceiversexpectedfunctiontypes.Thepurposeoftranslationistodeterminethewholeprocessoftranslation,thatist
6、osay,themethodofdeterminingtheoutcome.Butthetranslationactivitiescanhavemultiplepurposes,whichfurtherdividedintothreecategories:(1)thebasicpurposeofthetranslator;(2)thecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation(suchasenlightening);(3)tousesomespecialmeansoftranslationpurpose(suchastoillustratethesp
7、ecialgrammaticalstructurealanguageintheliteralway)accordingtoitsstructure.However,undernormalcircumstances,the"objective"referstothecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation,namely"translationofthetargetreadersinthetargetlanguageinthesocialcultura
