语言学期末复习总结

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1、5,WhatisLinguistics?Thescientificstudyofhumanlanguage■Aimsoflinguistictheory:■WhatisknowledgeofIanguage?(Competence)■Howisknowledgeoflanguageacquired?(Acquisition)Howisknowledgeoflanguageputtouse?(Performance/languageprocessing)■Agrammarineludeseveryth

2、ingoneknowsaboutthestructureofone'sIanguage:■PhoneticsandPhonology(thesoundsandthesoundsystemorpatterns)■Lexicon(thewordsorvocabularyinthementaldictionary)■Morphology(thestructureofwords)■Syntax(thestructureofphrasesandsentencesandtheconstraintsonwell-

3、formednessofsentences)■Semantics(themeaningofwordsandsentences)SemanticsThefollowingarewhatthekeyconceptslooklike:semanticcomponentsdenotationofwordssenserelationsbetweenwordssuchasantonymyandsynonymysenserelationsbetweensentencessuchasentailmentandpre

4、suppositionandothers■Thefollowingaresomebooktitlesoflinguistics.Canyoujudgethesynchronicordiachronicorientationjustfromthetitles?■1.EnglishExamined:TwoCenturiesofCommentontheMother-Tongue.■2.ProteanShape:AstudyinEighteenth-centuryVocabularyandUsage.■3.

5、PejorativeSenseDevelopmentinEnglish.theBlackEnglishVernacular.■4.TheCategoriesandTypesofPresent-DayEnglishWord-Formation.5.LanguageintheinnerCity:StudiesinSynchronic:2,4,5.Diachronic:1,3.Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofa

6、speechcommunityandparolereferstotheactualizedlanguage,orrealizationoflangue.Asasocialproduct,langueisasetofconventionsthatmembersofaspeechcommunityseemtoabideby.Itcanbethoughtofasthegeneralizedrulesofthelanguage.Parole,ontheotherhand,istheconcreteuseof

7、theconventionsorapplicationoftherules.Wecancomparethemalongthefollowingdimensions.Langueisabstract;paroleisspecifictothesituationinwhichitoccurs.Langueisnotactuallyspokenbyanyone;paroleisalwaysanaturallyoccurringevent.Langueisrelativelystableandsystema

8、tic;paroleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.■Paroleisamassofconfusedfactsandnotsuitableforsystematicinvestigation.Whatthelinguisthastodoistoabstractlanguefrominstancesofparole一thatis,todiscovertheregularitiesgoverningallinsta