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1、商务英语（上）简答题总结儿个重要概念•STEPanalysisSTEPstandsforSociological,Technological,EconomicandPolitical.(STEEP-一Sociological,Technological,Economic,EcologicalandPolitical),itisausefulmanagementtoolwhichhelpscompaniesunderstandtheexternalfactorsthatcanaffecttheirbusinesses・•TQMItstandsforTo
2、tal,Quality,andManagement.•SWOT-——ItstandsforStrengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,andThreats.Itisamanagementtoolwhichhelpsanorganizationtoidentifyitsstrengthsandweakness,understandtheopportunitiespresentedbythemarketplaceandthethreatsthatitfacesinthemarket・•SMART-——ItstandsforSpe
3、cific,Measurable,Achievable,Relevant,andTimed.Itisaimportantplanningtoolwhichhelpsanorganizationtorealizeitsgoals.Itmakesthegoalsspecific,measurable,achievable,relevantandtimed・Itcanhelpcheckthefeasibilityoftheobjectivesmadebythecompany.•AnnualreportItwilllookbackovertheyearand
4、willtalkabouttheprofitandlossaccount,detailthecash-flowforecast,wherecashhascomefrom,whereit'sgone,andalsowilllookatthebalancesheetatthebeginningorendoftheyearthat'sjustended••Thebalancesheet■一thisstatementshowsanorganization^assets(whatisowns)againstitsliabilities(whatitowes)a
5、taparticulartime——usuallythebeginningorendofafinancialperiod,suchasamonthoryea匚•Cashflow——Thecashflowshowswherecashcomesfromandwhereitgoesoveraperiodoftime.Thecash-flowforecastisadocumentthat'sgoingtoenableyoutomonitorandcontrolyourbusiness・•Theprofitandlossaccount一-Thiscompare
6、swhatthecompanyhasearnedfromsaleswithwhatthecompanyspenttomakethosesales.作业1Module1Changesandthecompany1•Whatarethedifferentwaysinwhichorganizationscanbestructured?Organizationsoftenhaveeitheratallstnictureoraflatstructure・AtallstructureusuallyhasmanylevelsorlayersofmanagemeIti
7、shierarchical.Aflatstructurehasfewerlayersofmanagement.Thisoftenresultsinmoreindividualresponsibility.2・Whatfactorsmaycontributetothechangesinanorganization?Itconsiderschangeswhichhavehappenedasaresultoftechnology,newworkingpracticesandincreasingglobalization.Sociological,Techn
8、ological,Economic,EcologicalandPoliticalfactorsmaycont
