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ID:47520960
大小:78.00 KB
页数:6页
时间:2020-01-12
《英语词汇学 术语解释》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.Morphology:thestudyofmorphemeandtheirdifferentforms.Semantics:thestudyofwordmeaning.Etymology:thestudyoftheoriginofwords,andoftheirhistoryandchangesintheirmeaning.Stylistics:thestudyof
2、thevariationinlanguagewhichisdependentonthesituationinwhichthelanguageisusedandalsoontheeffectthewriterorspeakerwishestocreateonthereaderorhearerLexicography:thecompilingofdictionaries.Synchronicstudy:thestudyofawordorwordsatoneparticularpointintime.Diachroni
3、cstudy:anapproachtolexicologywhichstudieshowaword(orwords)changesoveraperiodoftime.word:awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.vocabulary:Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitcanstandforallthew
4、ordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Vocabularyalsoreferstoallthewordsofagivendialect,givenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Terminology术语consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine:Jargon行话refe
5、rstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselvessuchasinbusiness.slang俚语belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailablet
6、oeveryoneandin-groupwordsArgot黑话generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit,Archaisms古词语arewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.Neologisms新词语are
7、newly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.denizens同化词arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.Alien非同化词areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.Translation-loans.借译词Tran
8、slation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodelledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.Semantic-loans借义词Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwith
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