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1、《英语词汇学》重要术语One:1.Nativewords本族词WordsofAnglo-SaxonoriginorofOldEnglisharenativewords.2.Loanwords借词Wordsborrowedfromotherlanguagesareloanwordsorborrowedwords.3.Slangwords俚语Slangwordsarethosewordsofavigorous,colourful,facetious,ortaboonature,inventedforspecificoccasions,oruses,orderiv
2、edfromtheunconventionaluseofthestandardvocabulary.4.Functionwords功能词Functionwordsareoftenshortwordssuchasdeterminers,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliariesthatservegrammaticallymorethananythingelse.5.Contentwords实义词Contentwordsareusedtonameobjects,qualities,actions,processesorstates
3、,andhaveindependentlexicalmeaning.6.Freeforms自由形式Formswhichoccurassentencesarefreeforms. Two:1.Morphemes语素MorphemesarethesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitsofEnglishlanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.2.Allomorphs语素变体Allomorphsareanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeascondit
4、ionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.3.Freemorpheme自由语素Freemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.4.Boundmorpheme粘着语素Boundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutteranceandmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorbound.5.Root词根Rootisthebasicunchangeablepartofawordanditconveys
5、themainlexicalmeaningoftheword.6.Affix词缀Affixisacollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.7.Inflectionalaffix屈折词缀Inflectionalaffixservestoexpresssuchmeaningsasplurality,tense,andthecomparativeorsuperlativedegree.8.Derivationalaffix派生词缀Derivation
6、alaffixisthekindofaffixesthathasspecificlexicalmeaninghandcanderiveawordwhenitisaddedtoanothermorpheme.9.Prefixes前缀Prefixesareaffixesaddedbeforewords.10.Suffixes后缀Suffixesareaffixesaddedafterwords. Three1.Word-formationrules构词规则Word-formationrulesdefinethescopeandmethodswherebyspe
7、akersofalanguagemaycreatenewwords.2.Stem词干Stemisthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.3.Base词基Baseisanyformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.4.Compounding合成法Compoundingisaword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit.5.Der
8、ivation派生法Derivationoraffi
