英语词汇学 术语解释

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1、Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.Morphology:thestudyofmorphemeandtheirdifferentforms.Semantics：thestudyofwordmeaning.Etymology:thestudyoftheoriginofwords,andoftheirhistoryandchangesintheirmeaning.Stylistics:thestudyof

2、thevariationinlanguagewhichisdependentonthesituationinwhichthelanguageisusedandalsoontheeffectthewriterorspeakerwishestocreateonthereaderorhearerLexicography:thecompilingofdictionaries.Synchronicstudy:thestudyofawordorwordsatoneparticularpointintime.Diachroni

3、cstudy:anapproachtolexicologywhichstudieshowaword(orwords)changesoveraperiodoftime.word:awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.vocabulary：Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,butitcanstandforallthew

4、ordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod.Vocabularyalsoreferstoallthewordsofagivendialect,givenbook,agivendisciplineandthewordspossessedbyanindividualperson.Terminology术语consistsoftechnicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareasasinmedicine:Jargon行话refe

5、rstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselvessuchasinbusiness.slang俚语belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailablet

6、oeveryoneandin-groupwordsArgot黑话generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit,Archaisms古词语arewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.Neologisms新词语are

7、newly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.denizens同化词arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.Alien非同化词areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.Translation-loans.借译词Tran

8、slation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodelledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.Semantic-loans借义词Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwith