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1、Unit11.主观题2.HowdidtheNormanConquestandtheRenaissanceinfluencetheEnglishvocabulary?Thetransitionalperiod（转型时期）fromOldEnglishtoModernEnglishisknownasMiddleEnglish(ME1100----1500),whichischaracterizedbythestronginfluenceofFrenchfollowingtheNormanConquestin106
2、6,Frenchwasusedforallstateaffairsandformostsocialandculturematters,whichinfluencedEnglishindailylife.TheEnglishlanguagefrom1500tothepresentiscalledModernEnglish.IntheearlystageofthisperiodtheRenaissance（文艺复兴）broughtgreatchangetothevocabulary.Therenewed（复兴的
3、）studyofGreekintheRenaissancenotonlyledtotheborrowingofGreekwordsindirectlythroughthemedium（媒介）ofLatin,butalsoledtotheintroductionofsomeGreekwordsdirectlyintoEnglishvocabulary.Greekborrowingsweremostlyliterary,technicalandscientificwords,(page4~5)3.Enumera
4、tethecausesfortherapidgrowthofneologisms（新词，旧词新意，新词的创造者/使用者）afterWorldWarⅡ.Givefourexamplesforeachcause.①markedprogressofscienceandtechnology.Example:toblastoff(炸掉，炸毁),tocountdown,capsule,launchingpad②socio-economic（社会经济）,politicalandculturalchanges.Exampl
5、e:roller-hockey,surfriding,skydiving（跳伞运动）,disignatedhitter③theinfluencefromotherculturesandlanguages（page6~7）Example:cosmonaut,discotheque（小舞厅，迪斯科舞厅）,ombudsman（调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员）,apartheid（种族隔离）.4.Whatarethefundamentalfeaturesofthebasicwordstock（词库）oftheEngli
6、shvocabulary?(1).Nationalcharacter(全民通用性)：Wordsofthebasicwordstockbelongtothepeopleasawhole,nottoalimitedgroup.(2).Stability（稳定性）:Aswordsinthebasicwordstockdenotethecommonestthingsnecessarytolife,theyarelikelytoremainunchanged.However,acertainnumberofOldEn
7、glishwordshavedroppedoutofthebasicwordstock,whilenewwordshavejoinedtherankofbasicwords,followingsocialandtechnologicalchanges.(3).Word-formingability(构词)：Basicwordsareveryactiveinformingnewwords.(4).Abilitytoformcollocations（搭配能力）：Basicwordscombinereadilyw
8、ithotherwordstoformhabitualexpressionsandphrases.Sincethegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockarenativewords,theyarenaturallytheonesusedmostfrequentlyineverydayspeechandwriting.(Page10paragraph4,5,7,8andPage11para
