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1、Page1©2010ThomsonReuters.NoClaimtoOrig.USGov.Works. Page35©2010ThomsonReuters.NoClaimtoOrig.USGov.Works. Page35SR039ALI-ABA397AmericanLawInstitute-AmericanBarAssociationContinuingLegalEducationALI-ABACourseofStudyMarch4-5,2010GlobalWarming:ClimateChangeandthe
2、LawCosponsoredbytheEnvironmentalLawInstituteGLOBALCLIMATECHANGE:LEGALSUMMARYProfessorMichaelB.GerrardColumbiaLawSchoolNewYork,NewYorkJ.CullenHoweArnold&PorterLLPWashington,D.C.Copyright(c)2010TheAmericanLawInstitute;ProfessorMichaelB.GerrardandJ.CullenHoweTHE
3、FACTUALCONTEXTIntroductionInthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,climatechangeemergedasthemostprominentenvironmentalissue,bothintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.In1992,theU.S.ratifiedatreaty,theUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),thatestablished
4、aglobalstructurefordealingwiththeproblem.However,theU.S.refusedtoratifytheKyotoProtocol,theprincipalagreementimplementingtheUNFCCC'sgoals.PresidentGeorgeW.Bushacknowledgedtheproblemofglobalwarmingbutfavoredvoluntaryactionandrejectedmandatorycontrols.Inreactio
5、nmanystates,actingeitherseparatelyorinregionalgroups,adoptedtheirownregulatoryprograms,asdidmanymunicipalities.WiththeDemocratictakeoverofCongressafterthe2006electionandtheelectionofBarackObamain2008,U.S.policyhasshifteddramatically.TheHouseofRepresentativesp
6、assedcomprehensiveclimatelegislationinJune2009,andtheSenateWillbedebatingtheissuein2010.Meanwhile,theU.S.EPAisproceedingwithregulationofgreenhousegasesunderitsexistingCleanAirActauthority.GlobalTemperaturesandtheGreenhouseEffectThescienceandimpactsassociatedw
7、ithglobalwarminghavebeenrecognizedonanationalandinternationallevelsincethelate1980s.In1988,theUnitedNationsandtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationappointedaninternationalgroupofscientiststoinvestigateglobalwarming,callingthegrouptheIntergovernmentalPanelonClima
8、teChange(IPCC).[FN1]TheU.S.governmentrecognizedtheIPCCasthepreeminentinternationalbodyestablishedtoprovideobjectivescientificandtechnicalassessmentsonglobalwarming.[FN2]TheWhiteHouse,inFe
