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1、第27卷第2期铁道学报Vol.27No.22005年4月JOURNALOFTHECHINARAILWAYSOCIETYApril2005文章编号:1001-8360(2005)02-0028-07铁道车辆液压减振器的工作原理和数值模型1,2223RichardvanKasteel,钱立新,王成国,叶国弘(1.北京交通大学机电学院,北京100044;2.铁道科学研究院研发中心,北京100081;3.ZFSachsAG,Eitorf,53783,德国)摘要:基于液压减振器的工作原理、内部结构和阀元件的性能,建立了一个新的液压减振器数值模型。该数值模型不仅将阻尼
2、力作为减振器活塞杆的速度与位移的函数,同时还含有用于描述内部结构的基本参量,可以清楚地描述液压减振器的阻尼机制。应用该模型可进行液压减振器的动态性能分析、结构设计、元件选用等。模型计算结果与实验数据有较好的符合性。该数值模型易于实现计算机数值仿真,可以应用于车辆系统动力学性能的研究和减振器的结构参数、动态性能对车辆舒适性和稳定性影响的深入分析。关键词:液压减振器;数值模型;车辆动力学中图分类号:U270.3315文献标识码:AStudyonWorkingPrincipleandNumericalModelofShockAbsorbersUsedinRail
3、wayVehicles1,2223RichardvanKasteel,QIANL-ixin,WANGCheng-guo,YEGuo-hong(1.SchoolofMechatronicEngineering,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China;2.Research&DevelopmentCenter,ChinaAcademyofRailwaySciences,Beijing100081,China;3.ZFSachsAG,Eitorf53783,Germany)Abstract:Thepaperstu
4、diesanewnumericalmodelofthehydraulicshockabsorber,basedonitsworkingprin-ciple,elementsconstructandvalvesbehaviours.Thephysicaldampermodelsofdampingvalvesandintakevalvesarebuilt.Theoilflowsintheworkingchambersandreservoircanbecalculatedastheresultfromthesolutionsofthedifferentialeq
5、uations.Theleakagebetweenthepistonandtheinnertubeandbetweenthepis-tonrodguideandthepistonrodismodeledbytheflowequationsforanannulus.Thestiffnessoftherubberat-tachmentismodeled.Thepressuresofthedamperaremodeledtodescribethedynamicbehaviorsofthedamperbyasetofdifferentialequations.Th
6、enewnumericaldampermodelidentifiesthedampforceasthefunctionofthedisplacementandvelocityofthepistonrodinrelationtothedamperbody,andtheresultingdamperforceisdirectlyrelatedtothevariousparameters,whichhaveaphysicalmeaningofdamperconstruction.Themodelcanexpatiateonthedamperworkingprin
7、ciple,andbeusedtoanalyzedynamicalbehaviorsofthedamper,de-signnewdamperconstructsandselectvalveelements.Themodelisvalidatedbytestmeasurementverywell.Thenewdampermodelcanbesimulatedbycomputer,andusedinvehiclesystemdynamicsresearch,tostudytherelationshipbetweenconstructparametersands
8、tabilityandcomfortbilityofrailway
