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1、GettysburgAddressAbrahamLincolnFourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsod
2、edicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthefieldasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate--wecann
3、otconsecrate--wecannothallow--thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere;butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rather,tobededicatedh
4、eretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus--thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion--thatweherehighlyresolve
5、thatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain--thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom--andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.审美鉴赏1声音美只有266个字的演讲词中，用了大量具有长元音、双元音的词语，平稳或调节着演讲的速度，也使演讲的效果铿锵有力，掷地有声。以第1段为例，长元音、双元音的词语有：foursc
6、ore,years,ago,our,fathers,brought,forth,……。这些词语使演讲开始的语调徐缓而温和，进入主题自然而然，同时词语音调的抑扬顿挫既抓住了听众的注意力，也表现了作者的情感。比如该段中第一个小句可标注为：Fóurscóre∣āndsé∣vēnyéars∣āgó,∣∣ōurfá∣thērsbróught∣fōrthón∣thīscón∣tīnēnt∣ānéw∣nátiōn,……。演讲开头的Fóurscóre重读，引人注意，令人肃静。此后节奏平稳，抑扬顿挫，朗朗上口。类似地，演讲词的中间一个小句
7、可标注为：Būtín∣ālár∣gērsénse,∣wēcán∣nōtdé∣dīcáte∣---wēcán∣nōtcón∣sēcráte∣---wēcán∣nōthál∣lōw---thís∣gróund(ˉ)∣。最后一个小句可标注为：āndthát∣góvērn∣mēntóf∣thēpéo∣plē,bý∣thēpéo∣plē,fór∣thēpéo∣plē,sháll∣nōtpé∣rīshfróm∣thēéarth.整齐的抑扬格使原句诵读起来如行云流水，重点突出，情随意转，增强了演讲的节奏与感染力。2节奏美除上文中探讨的
8、节奏表现形式之外，演讲词外在节奏的形式标记也较明显。全文各句均较为“短小”——有的句子本身短小，有的长句则经过语义切分变成了多个小句，形成了便于朗诵的外在节奏。比如：Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,∣∣ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,
