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1、GettysburgAddressAbrahamLincolnFourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconce
2、ivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthefieldasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersense,weca
3、nnotdedicate--wecannotconsecrate--wecannothallow--thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere;butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,t
4、heliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus--thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullme
5、asureofdevotion--thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain--thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom--andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.审美鉴赏1声音美只有266个字的演讲词中,用了大量具有长元音、双元音的词语,平稳或调
6、节着演讲的速度,也使演讲的效果铿锵有力,掷地有声。以第1段为例,长元音、双元音的词语有:fourscore,years,ago,our,fathers,brought,forth,……。这些词语使演讲开始的语调徐缓而温和,进入主题自然而然,同时词语音调的抑扬顿挫既抓住了听众的注意力,也表现了作者的情感。比如该段中第一个小句可标注为:Fóurscóre∣āndsé∣vēnyéars∣āgó,∣∣ōurfá∣thērsbróught∣fōrthón∣thīscón∣tīnēnt∣ānéw∣nátiōn,…
7、…。演讲开头的Fóurscóre重读,引人注意,令人肃静。此后节奏平稳,抑扬顿挫,朗朗上口。类似地,演讲词的中间一个小句可标注为:Būtín∣ālár∣gērsénse,∣wēcán∣nōtdé∣dīcáte∣---wēcán∣nōtcón∣sēcráte∣---wēcán∣nōthál∣lōw---thís∣gróund(ˉ)∣。最后一个小句可标注为:āndthát∣góvērn∣mēntóf∣thēpéo∣plē,bý∣thēpéo∣plē,fór∣thēpéo∣plē,sháll∣nōtpé∣r
8、īshfróm∣thēéarth.整齐的抑扬格使原句诵读起来如行云流水,重点突出,情随意转,增强了演讲的节奏与感染力。2节奏美除上文中探讨的节奏表现形式之外,演讲词外在节奏的形式标记也较明显。全文各句均较为“短小”——有的句子本身短小,有的长句则经过语义切分变成了多个小句,形成了便于朗诵的外在节奏。比如:Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,∣∣ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,