基础及基础工程-【文献翻译，毕业设计专用】

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1、河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别：土木工程专业：土木工程班级:xlxslzXTSTXZTSXTSX

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3、x^TxXjXXjX✓jX^TX^TXXT%xTxxj>X7XXTX姓名:学号:夕卜文出处：GEOLQGLCALANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING附件：1、夕卜文原文；2、夕卜文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语：签字：年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。1、外文原文（复印件）FoundationAndFoundationEngineeringStrucuresorothercons

4、tructedworksaresupportedontheearthbyfoundation.Theword"foundation^maymeantheearthitself,somethingplacedinorontheearthtoprovidesupport,oracombinnationoftheearthandtheelementsplacedonit.Thefoundationforamultistoryofficebuildingcouldbeacombinationforanearth-filldamwouldbethenaturalsoilo

5、rrockonwhichthedamisplaced.Concretefootingsorwhichorinwhichtheyareplaced.Theinstalledelementsandthenaturalsoilorrockoftheearthformafoundationsystem;thesoilandrockprovidetheultimatesupportofthesystem.Foundationthatareinstalledmaybeeithersoil-bearingorrock-bearing.Thereactionsofthesoil

6、orrocktotheimposedloadsgenerallydeterminedhowwellthefoundationsystemfunctions.Indesigningtheinstalledportions,thedesignermustdeterminethesafepressuewhichcanbeusedonthesoilorrockandtheamountoftotalsettlementanddifferentialsettlementwhichthestructurecanwithstand・Theinstalledpartsofthef

7、oundationsystemmaybefootings,matfoundations,slabfoundations,andcaissonsorpiles,allofwhichareusedtotransferloadfromasupersteuctureintotheearth.Theseparts,whichtransmitloadfromthesuperstructuretotheearth,arecalledthesubstructure.FootingFootingorspreadfoundationsareusedtospreadtheloadsf

8、romcolumnsorwallstotheunderlyingsoilorrock.Normally,footingsareconstructedofreinforedconcrete.However,undersomecircumstancestheymaybeconstructedofplainconcreteormasonary,wheneachfootingsupportsonlyonecolumn,itissquare.Footingssupportingtwocoumnsarecalledcombinedfootingsandmaybeeither

9、rectangularortrapezoidalCantileverfootingsareusedtobuildinglineorexteriorwall.Footingssupportsingwallsarecontinuousfootings.Thesizesoffootingsaredeterminedbydividingtheloadstobeimposedatthebaseofthefootingsbytheallowablebearingpressurewhichcanbeimposedonthesoilorrockoftheearth.Mostbu

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