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1、外文翻译E-commerceDevelopmentMaterialSource:InternationalEconomicsAuthor:CatherineL.MannElectroniccommerceanditsrelatedactivitiesovertheinternetcanbetheenginesthatimprovedomesticeconomicwell-beingthroughliberalizationofdomesticservices,morerapidintegrationinto
2、globalizationofproduction,andleap-froggingofavailabletechnology.Sinceelectroniccommerceintegratesthedomesticandglobalmarketsfromitsveryinception,negotiatingontradeissuesrelatedtoelectroniccommercewill,evenmorethantradenegotiationshaveinthepast,demandself-i
3、nspectionofkeydomesticpolicies,particularlyintelecommunications,financialservices,anddistributionanddelivery.Becausethesesectorsarefundamentaltotheworkingsofamoderneconomy,liberalizationherewillreboundtogreatereconomicwell-beinghancomparableliberalizationi
4、nmorenarrowlyfocussedsectors.Thus,thedesiretobepartofthee-commercewavecanbeapowerfulforcetoerodedomesticvestedintereststhathaveslowedtheliberalizationofthesesectors.Technicalaspectsofelectroniccommerce,itscomplexityandthecharacteristicofnetworkexternalitie
5、sshouldchangethewaythatdevelopingcountriesapproachtheexternalnegotiatingprocess.Specifically,thecomplexityofnegotiationswillrequiremorecooperativeeffortamongcountriesthroughtheirregionalforums(APEC,FTAA)whichheretoforehaveoperatedattheperipheryoftheWTOproc
6、ess.Second,sinceelectroniccommerceischaracterizedbynetworkexternalities,developingcountriesshouldtakeadvantageofthetechnicalleadershipcomingoutoftheprivatesectorinthemostadvancedcountries(andtheirownprivatesector,evenifnascent)and“draft”inbehind.Standingon
7、theshouldersofgiantsmakessensewhennetworkexternalitiesandinteroperablestandardsarekeytomaximizingthebenefitsofe-commerce.Tryingtodevelopdomesticstandardsorfollowingtheoldtechniqueofimportsubstitutiontodevelopadomesticindustryisevenmoreeconomicallywastefuli
8、nthecontextoftheinternetandelectroniccommercethanitwasinmoretraditionalsectors.Tradenegotiationsareoftenthetoolusedtoliberalizedomesticsectors.Butthecomplementaritybetweendomesticpolicyandtradestrategyistight