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1、外文翻译原文EmployeeMotivationMaterialSource:HarvardBusinessReviewAuthor:NitinNohria,BorisGroysberg，Linda-ElingLeeGETTINGPEOPLETODOTHEIRBESTWORK,evenintryingcircumstances,isoneofmanagers’mostenduringandslipperychallenges.Indeed,decipheringwhatmotivatesusashumanbeingsisacenturies-oldpuzzle.Someofhistor
2、y’smostinfluentialthinkersabouthumanbehavior–amongthemAristotle,AdamSmith,SigmundFreud,andAbrahamMaslow–havestruggledtounderstanditsnuancesandhavetaughtusatremendousamountaboutwhypeopledothethingstheydo.Suchluminaries,however,didn’thavetheadvantageofknowledgegleanedfrommodernbrainscience.Theirth
3、eorieswerebasedoncarefulandeducatedinvestigation,tobesure,butalsoexclusivelyondirectobservation.Imaginetryingtoinferhowacarworksbyexaminingitsmovements(starting,stopping,accelerating,turning)withoutbeingabletotakeaparttheengine.Fortunately,newcross-disciplinaryresearchinfieldslikeneuroscience,bi
4、ology,andevolutionarypsychologyhasallowedustopeekunderthehood,sotospeak–tolearnmoreaboutthehumanbrain.Oursynthesisoftheresearchsuggeststhatpeopleareguidedbyfourbasicemotionalneeds,ordrives,thataretheproductofourcommonevolutionaryheritage.AssetoutbyPaulR.LawrenceandNitinNohriantheir2002bookDriven
5、:HowHumanNatureShapesOurChoices,theyarethedrivestoacquire(obtainscarcegoods,includingintangiblessuchassocialstatus);bond(formconnectionswithindividualsandgroups);comprehend(satisfyourcuriosityandmastertheworldaroundus);anddefend(protectagainstexternalthreatsandpromotejustice).Thesedrivesunderlie
6、everythingwedo.Managersattemptingtoboostmotivationshouldtakenote.It’shardtoarguewiththeacceptedwisdom–backedbyempiricalevidence–thatamotivatedworkforcemeansbettercorporateperformance.Butwhatactions,precisely,canmanagerstaketosatisfythefourdrivesand,thereby,increasetheiremployees’overallmotivatio
7、n?Werecentlycompletedtwomajorstudiesaimedatansweringthatquestion.Inone,wesurveyed385employeesoftwoglobalbusinesses–afinancialservicesgiantandaleadingITservicesfirm.Intheother,wesurveyedemployeesfrom300Fortune500companies.Tod
