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1、外文翻译原文WorldTradeandInternationalTradeMaterialSource:www.haiguinet.comAuthor:TedAlaxIntoday’scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofworl
2、dtradeandeconomicactivity.Asaresultofthistradeandactivity,internationalfinanceandbankinghaveevolved.Forexample,theUnitedStatesisamajorconsumerofcoffee,yetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyoritsown.Consequently,theUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountries(suchasBrazil,
3、ColombiaandGuatemala)thatgrowcoffeeefficiently.Ontheotherhand,theUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoods,suchaschemicalsandairplanes,whichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitem,suchasoneautomobilefor10,000bagsofcoffee
4、,foreigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.Soinsteadofbatter,whichistradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoney,theUnitedStatereceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollars,whichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustralia,whichinturncanbuyte
5、xtilesGreatBritain,whichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedState.Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetweennations,takesplaceformanyreasons.Thefirst,asmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.Largedepositsofcopperar
6、eminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthAfricaandpetroleumisrecoveredintheMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeet
7、itsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Third,onenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japanhasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproduceth
8、emmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.Accordingtoeconomictheor
