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1、非谓语动词(verbal)不定式Infinitive动名词Gerund分词Participle特征:a.在句中不能单独作谓语b.不受主语的人称和数的限制e.g.Helikestosing./Theyliketosing.Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingaflag.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingaflag.c.非限定动词有动词的特征(a)非限定动词是及物动词,须有宾语(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰(c)非限定动词有语态和时态的变化e.g.Hewa
2、ntstostudyJapanese.Theraincontinuedtofallheavily.Iamsorrytohavedisturbedyou.Thereisnotimetobelost.动词不定式:Infinitive动词不定式的形式:主动形式被动形式一般式TowriteTobewritten完成式TohavewrittenTohavebeenwritten进行式Tobewriting完成进行Tohavebeenwriting动词不定式具有,和的句法作用:主语表语宾语宾补定语状语不定式√√√√√√名
3、词形容词副词主语:e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.Todoanythingwellneedshardwork.特点:a.谓语用单数b.可用it作形式主语,也可用不定式直接作主语c.在疑问句,感叹句中必须用it作主语e.g.Whatisitliketobeawriter?Whatajoyitwastoreadhisbook!Itwasdecidedtobuildalibrary.d.不定式作主语的被动句,须用it作形式主语注意：Itis+adj.(表示人的气质)+of+人+toI
4、tis+adj.(修饰实物)+for+人+toe.g.Itisstupid/cruel/wise/kind/carefulofhimtodoso.Itisnecessary/difficult/hard/easyforhimtodoso.表语:e.g.Toseeistobelieve.Yourmistakeisnottospellthewordright.宾语:有的动词要求必须用不定式作宾语hope,wish,expect,ask,choose,decide,learn,agree,refuse,offer,
5、afford,manage,pretend,promisee.g.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.Hepretendsnottoknowme.题:---Wasthetestdifficult?---Notatall,wefound____.a.itveryeasytodo.b.itveryeasytodoit.A比b可取，a中的it是代词，代表问句中的thetext。B中的第一个it是引语，是形式宾语，真正的宾语是todoit。B中的第二个it也是代表问句中的thetext。宾补：1.感官动词:
6、see,hear,notice,watch,observe2.使让动词:let/make/have/get/ask/allow/expect/teach/tell/want/find/force/permit/forbid/注:(1)感官动词与have,make,let后应省略to，被动语态中要保留to(2)find,help后的宾语可省略to3.心理状态动词:consider/believe/know/think/feelunderstand/judge/imagine/prove/declare注:表状态
7、的动词后作宾补的不定式常是tobe(可略)e.g.Weconsideredthework(tobe)veryimportant.Everyonethinkshim(tobe)anhonestman.Iknowthistobeafact.Heisknowntolie.Heisknowntobeaspy.Ihaveneverknownhim(to)telllies.Ihaveneverknownhim(to)payforadrink.定语:(后置定语)e.g.Ihavesomenewstotellyou.Ihav
8、egotthekeytoopenthedoor.注:如不定式是vi.,必须后加一个适当的介词,和被修饰的名词构成动宾关系e.g.Hehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.Hehasnoonetolookafter.状语:(目的,结果,原因)目的状语e.g.Hewenthometoseehismother.HewenttoBeijingtolearnChinese.注:a.若强调目的,可以
