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1、第五届“华政杯”全国法律翻译大赛初赛选手信息表 姓名 专业 性别 年龄 学历（1）本科；（2）硕士；（3）博士；（4）其他学校 学号 身份证号 手机 固定电话 邮箱 我承诺，本译文系由本人（姓名） 独立完成，无抄袭现象。本人同意主办方将我的参赛译文作为教学材料使用。日期年月日第五届“华政杯”全国法律翻译大赛初赛试题试题一(325words)TheU.S.SupremeCourthasnotsquarelyconfrontedthedeathpenalty'sconstitutionalitysincethe
2、1970s.Inthatdecade,theCourtactuallyruledbothwaysontheissue.InMcGauthav.California,theCourtfirstheldin1971thatajury'simpositionofthedeathpenaltywithoutgoverningstandardsdidnotviolatetheFourteenthAmendment'sDueProcessClause.Butthenin1972,inthelandmarkcaseofF
3、urmanv.Georgia,theCourtinterpretedtheCruelandUnusualPunishmentsClausetoholdthatdeathsentences—asthenapplied—wereunconstitutional.Inthatfive-to-fourdecision,deliveredinapercuriamopinionwithallnineJusticesissuingseparateopinions,U.S.deathpenaltylawswerestruc
4、kdownasviolationsoftheEighthandFourteenthAmendments.Thesentencesofthe“capriciouslyselectedrandomhandful”ofthosesentencedtodie,oneoftheJusticeswrote,are“cruelandunusualinthesamewaybeingstruckbylightningiscruelandunusual.”OtherJusticesalsoemphasizedthearbitr
5、arinessofdeathsentences,withsomefocusingontheinequalityandracialprejudiceassociatedwiththem.Fouryearslater,theSupremeCourtreversedcourseyetagain,approvingoncemoretheuseofexecutions.Afterthirty-fivestatesreenacteddeathpenaltylawsinthewakeofFurman,theSupreme
6、CourtupheldtheconstitutionalityofdeathpenaltystatutesinGreggv.Georgiaandtwocompanioncases.TheCourtruledthatlawspurportingtoguideunbridledjurordiscretion—andrequiringcapitaljurorstomakespecialfindingsortoweigh“aggravating”versus“mitigating”circumstances—wit
7、hstoodconstitutionalscrutiny.TheCourtinGreggemphasizedthattheModelPenalCodeitselfsetstandardsforjuriestouseindeathpenaltycases.Onlymandatorydeathsentences,theCourtruledthatyear,weretoosevereandthusunconstitutional.InitsdecisioninWoodsonv.NorthCarolina,theC
8、ourtexplicitlyruledmandatorydeathsentences,thenormintheFramers'era,werenolongerpermissibleandhadbeen“rejected”byAmericansociety“asundulyharshandunworkablyrigid.”试题二(348words)ThemainfeaturesoftheAnglo-American
