9781420038903%2Ech55

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1、55ParametricandOptimizationAnalysesofCascadedThermoelectric-AdvancedRadioisotopePowerSystemswithFourGPHSBricks55.1Introduction...................................................................55-155.2CascadedThermoelectric..............................................55-255.3CTM–ARPSswithFou

2、rGPHSBricks........................55-4ParametricAnalysesofCTM-ARPSs†SelectionofNominalOperation†EffectsofUnicouplesOptionandMohamedS.El-GenkArrangementinBottomArrayofCTMs†EffectofandHamedH.SaberUnicouplesArrangementinBottomArrayofCTMsTheUniversityofNewMexico55.4Summary.......................

3、.................................................55-1255.1IntroductionNASA’sProjectPrometheuswasestablishedin2003todevelopandadvancekeytechnologiesofSpaceNuclearPowerSystems(SNPSs)andhighpowerelectricpropulsion(.25kWe)formissionsplannedlatethisdecadeandearlynextdecadetoplanetMars,Jupiter,andb

4、eyond.ThetwocategoriesofSNPSsbeingconsideredareAdvancedRadioisotopePowerSystems(ARPSs)andSpaceNuclearReactorPower1Systems.Thelatterarecapableofgeneratingtenstohundredsofkilowattselectric,whiletheformeronlygenerateafewtohundredsofwatts.Variousenergy-conversiontechnologiesarebeinginvestigatedto

5、ensurethatARPSswouldbelighterandmoreefficientthanState-of-the-Art(SOA)RadioisotopeThermoelectricGenerators(RTGs).Thesetechnologiesincludeskutteruditesandskutterudites-basedsegmentedthermoelectric(STE),cascadedthermoelectric,free-pistonstirlingengines(FPSEs),andthermalphotovoltaic(TPV),eachiscu

6、rrentlyatavariousstageofdevelopmentandmaturity.Attractive238conversiontechnologiesarethosewhichcoulddecreasetheamountofPuO2fuelneededby.40%andresultinefficienciesandspecificelectricpowersfortheARPSswhichare.50%higherthanthoseoftheSOA–RTGs(5.7%and4.6We/kg,respectively).Theseperformancegoalsaredi

7、fficulttorealizeusinga5singleconversiontechnology.55-1©2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC55-2ThermoelectricsHandbook:MacrotoNano12Forexample,FPSEswithademonstratedefficiencyof22%inthousandsofhoursoftesting238significantlyreducetheamountofPuO2fuelneed