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1、16TheoryandModelinginNanostructuredThermoelectrics16.1Introduction...................................................................16-116.2ElectronandPhononTransportinQuantumDotSuperlattices............................................................16-116.3OptimizationofQuant
2、umDotStructuresforZTEnhancement...........................................................16-4AlexanderA.Balandin16.4PhononEngineeringConceptsforThermoelectricUniversityofCalifornia—RiversideNanostructures...............................................................16-616.1Int
3、roductionNanostructuredmaterialssuchasquantumdotsuperlattices(QDS)andquantumwirearrayshave1–10recentlyattractedattentionasnovelmaterialsforthermoelectricapplications.Therehasbeena1,2,4–8significantbodyoftheoreticalworkonthesubjectaswellasexperimentalreportsonthe3,9,10thermoelectr
4、icpropertiesofnanostructuredmaterials.Theenhancementofthethermoelectricfigure-of-merit,ZT;innanostructuredmaterialsandquantumwell(QW)superlatticeshasbeen7attributedtotheincreasedcarrierdensityofstates(DOS)andthedecreaseofthermalconductivitydue2,5,8tothephonon–boundaryscatteringor
5、phononspectrummodification.Significantimprovementofthethermoelectricpropertiesinsuchmaterialsisexpectedwhenthestructureparametersarecarefully2,4,7tunedtoachievedesiredcarrierandphonontransportcharacteristics.Thelatterexplainstheimportanceoftheoreticalmodelingofcarrierandphonontran
6、sportpropertiesinsuchnanostructures.Accuratemodelsforthermoelectriccharacteristicsinnanostructuredmaterialswouldallowonetocarryoutmodeling-basedstructureoptimizationanddeterminefabricationrequirements.Inthischapter,IreviewrecenttheoreticalworkoncarrierandphonontransportinQDS(i.e
7、.,multiplearraysofquantumdots).AparticularfocusisonpossiblemechanismsforZTenhancement,modificationoftheelectron11,1213,14andacousticphononspectrainsuchstructures,andphononthermalconduction.16.2ElectronandPhononTransportinQuantumDotSuperlatticesQDScanbeviewedasagenericnanostructur
8、edmaterial,sothatunderstandingthecarrier—phonon
