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1、ThirdWorldQuarterly,Vol16,No4,1995Pushingpolyarchy:theUS±CubacaseandtheThirdWorldWILLIAMIROBINSONSincethelate1980sUSpolicymakershavearguedthatthebasisofthelong-runningUSdisputewithCubaisthelackof`democracy’intheCaribbeanislandnation.TheClintonAdministrationhas
2、madeitclearthatitspolicy,includinganyeventualnormalisationofrelations,willbebasedondemocratisa-tioninsideCuba.Yet,fromthetriumphoftheCubanrevolutionin1959tothelate1980s,theUS±Cubacon¯ictwaspresentedinWashingtonasaproductofCuba’s`securitythreat’,emanatingfromCu
3、ba’sforeignpolicyofactiveengage-mentintheinternationalarena,includingitssupportforThirdWorldnationalliberationmovementsanditsalliancewiththenowdefunctSovietbloc.Therefore,thecurrentassertioninWashingtonthatthedisputeisoverdemocracyrepresentsalittle-perceivedye
4、tsigni®cantchangeinUSpolicytowardsCuba.Thisshiftinpolicy,fromanemphasisonexternal`security’factorscondition-ingUS±Cubanrelations,totheemphasisoninternalfactorsÐthatis,onCuba’sinternalpoliticalsystemÐisimportantontwoaccounts.First,itiscentraltoananalysisofcurre
5、ntUS±Cubarelationsandtoprognosticationonhowtheserelationswillunfoldinthecomingyears.Second,itre¯ectsanessentialchangeinUSforeignpolicythatdatesbacktothe1970s,cametofruitioninthe1980s,isnowbeingconsolidated,andpromisestoplayamajorroleinUSforeignpolicyinthe`neww
6、orldorder’.Thischangehasbeendescribedbypolicymakers,scholarsandjournalistsasashifttowards`democracypromotion’.TheStateDepartmentnowde®nes`democracypromotion’asoneofthethreebasicplanksofUSforeignpolicy,alongwiththepromotionof`freemarkets’andthemaintenanceofaUSm
7、ilitarycapacityaroundtheworld.`Supportfordemoc-racy’,declaresoneStateDepartmentpolicydocument,`isbecomingthenew1organizingprincipleforAmericanforeignpolicy’.Thischangeislargelyunexplored.Manyhaveapplauded`democracypro-motion’,withasurprisingshallownessintheore
8、ticalanalysis,asapositiveandlong-overduechangeforthebetterinUSpolicy.ThosewhohaveopposedUSinterventionabroad,whilemorescepticalregardingUSintentions,havetendedtoview`democracypromo
