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1、ROBINSON:THECHALLENGETOGLOBALCAPITAL59LatinAmerica,StatePower,andtheChallengetoGlobalCapitalAnInterviewwithWilliamRobinsonWilliamI.RobinsonisaprofessorintheDepartmentofSociologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whereheteachesandwritesonglobalcapital
2、ism,LatinAmerica,socialchange,anddemocracy.HisrecentpublicationsincludePromotingPolyarchy(1996),TransnationalConflicts:CentralAmerica,GlobalizationandSocialChange(2003),andATheoryofGlobalCapitalism:Production,StateandClassinaTransnationalWorld(2004).Robinso
3、niscurrentlyfinishinganewbookonglobalizationandLatinAmericanwhichwillbereleasedinthecomingyear.InSeptemberof2006HonorBrabazonandPeterBroganinterviewedRobinsonforUppingtheAnti.InthisinterviewRobinsontraversesawideterrain,fromanin-depthhistoricalsummationofth
4、esweepingstructuralchangesthathaveoccurredinLatinAmericaoverthepastfewdecadestoacriticalassessmentofmovementsinBoliviaandMexico.Additionally,attentionispaidtothelessonsmovementsinNorthAmericacandrawfromthesevibrantandinspirationalstruggles.Whydoyouthinkit’
5、ssocriticaltothinkaboutLatinAmericaandglobalizationrightnow?LatinAmericaisataspecialhistoricalconjunctureintermsofresistancetoglobalcapitalism.Neoliberalismbecamethedominantmodel,achievinghegemonyintheGramsciansense,whenitbecameaconsensusamongglobalelites.
6、Eliteswhomighthavebeenopposedtoneoliberalismsuccumbedtotheprogram,andevenamongpopularforcesasensedevelopedthattherewasnoalternativetoneoliberalism.Butthathegemonycrackedinthe60UPPINGTHEANTI,NUMBERTHREElate1990sandearly21stcentury.TheArgentinecrisiswasamajo
7、rsymbolicturningpoint.Fromthatpointon,neoliberalismbecamemoribund.Itshegemonywascracked.ThisisthecaseworldwidebutitisparticularlysoinLatinAmerica.ItisalsoinLatinAmericathatpossiblealternativesareemerginginthestrugglesagainstneoliberalism.LatinAmericaisatth
8、eforefrontofthecurrentupsurgeofsocialmovements,revolutionarymovements,andchallengestotheneoliberalstateandtothedominanceofglobalcapitalistgroups.Thequestionofwhatwillreplacetheneoliberalmodeliswhat’satstakein
