Lecture 7 The Natural Approach

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1、Lecture7TheNaturalApproachTheNaturalApproachisanapproachproposedbyKrashenandTerrelltodevelopteachingprincipleswhichemphasizenaturalcommunicationratherthanformalgrammarstudyandaretolerantoflearners’errors.Itpaysparticularattentiontotheinformalacquisitionoflanguagerules.ThecoreoftheNaturalApproachis

2、languageacquisitionwhichisconsideredasubconsciousprocess,dependentontwofactors:theamountofcomprehensibleinputthestudentsget,andthestrengthoftheiraffectivefilters,thatis,theamountofinputthestudents“allowin.”Background1)Developedin1977byTracyTerrellintheUSA2)StephenKrashenandhistheoryofSLA3)TheNatur

3、alApproachbyKrashenandTerrell4)AreactiontoGrammar-TranslationMethodTheoreticalBasisTheoryoflanguage1)Communicationastheprimaryfunctionoflanguage2)Notnecessarytoanalyzegrammaticalstructure3)Rulesautomaticallyprovidedintheinput4)Emphasisonmeaning5)ImportanceofvocabularyTheoryoflearning1)Krashen’sMon

4、itorModelofSecondlanguagedevelopment2)Twodistinctprocesses3)Thefivehypothesesofthismodel(1)Theacquisition-learninghypotheses(2)Themonitorhypothesis(3)Thenaturalorderhypothesis(4)Theinputhypothesis—4mainissues:①Theinputhypothesisrelatestoacquisition,nottolearning②Peopleacquirelanguagebestbyundersta

5、ndinginputi+1③Theabilitytospeakfluentlycannotbetaught,it“merges”.④Enoughcomprehensioninputprovidesi+1automatically(5)Theaffectivefilterhypothesis—3affectivevariables:①motivation②self-confidence③anxietyBasicPrinciplesMainfeatures1)Languageisbesttaughtwhenitisbeingusedtotransmitmessages.2)Implicatio

6、nsforclassroompractice:(1)Whateverhelpscomprehensionisimportant.(2)Morevocabularymeansmorecomprehensionandmoreacquisition.(3)Studentsmustunderstandthemassage.(4)ClassroomwithinterestinginputmaybeagoodplaceforSLA.3)Guidelinesforclassroompractice:(1)Thegoaliscommunicationskills.(2)Comprehensionprece

7、desproduction.(3)Productionemerges.(4)Acqusitionactivitiesareessential.(5)Lowertheaffectivefilter.4)Characteristicsofclassroomteaching:(1)Classtimeisdevotedprimarilytoprovidinginputforacquisition..(2)Theteachersp