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1、影响材料使用的因素Materialsbehavior材料的行为AvailabilityCostSynthesisandproductionmethod（材料的合成与生产方法）ProcessingtechniquesEnvironmentalacceptabilityFactorsonthepropertiesofmaterials组成材料的各元素的原子结构，Atomicstructure原子间的相互作用、相互结合，Natureofchemicalbonds原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律，Atomicordering原子集合体的形貌特征。
2、MicrostructurePropertiesofMaterialsMechanicalproperties:Thebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces.弹性Elasticity塑性Plasticity强度Strength硬度Hardness韧性Toughness疲劳特T生Fatiguebehaviour耐磨性AbrasionresistaneeClassificationofmaterials:basedonatomicstructuresandthenatureofbondsMetalsan
3、dtheiralloysOrganicpolymersCeramicsMechanicalproperties:whichreflectthebehaviorofmaterials^deformedbyasetofforces这反映材料的行为，变形力的由一组Physicalproperties:whichdescribethebehaviorofmaterialssubjectedtotheactionoftemperature,electricormagneticfields,orlight•它描述材料的行为受:到的动作温度、电场或磁场，或
4、者光。Chemicalproperties:whichcharacterizethebehaviorofmaterialinareactiveenvironment•用材料的行为在一个无功的环境。PerformancesPropertiesTypesofmaterials1metalitisstrongandcanbereadilyformedintopracticalshapes.itsextensive,permanentductilityisanimportantassetinpermittingsmallamountsofyieldi
5、ngtosuddenandsevereloads•这是强大的，可以很容易形成实际的形状。其广泛的、永久的延性是一个重要的资产在允许少最的收益率突然和严重的负荷。2ceramicsandglassesChemicalstable,siginificantlyhighermeltingpoint,brittleness化学稳定,sigini行cantly更高的熔点，脆性3polymerspolymersarefrequentlylightweightJowcost,lowerstrength,lowermeltingpointandhigherc
6、hemicalreactivity聚合物经常是轻量级的,低成本，低强度、低熔点和更高的化学反应4compositesitcarriesalongthesuperiorpropertiesofeachcomponent,producingaproductthatissuperiortoeitherofthecomponentsseparately它携带沿着优越的性能，每个组件住产一个产品，优于要么单独的组件Solidsexistinthenatureintwoprincipalforms:crystallineandamorphousI古I体存
7、在于自然以两种主要形式:水晶和非晶AnelementarycellofcrystallatticeisdescribedThreesectionsa,b,andc,Threeanglesmadebyeachtwoofthesesections,a,P,andy・晶格常数latticeconstant/latticespacing:a>b、c.crystalstructure:body-centeredcubicstructure,face-centeredcubicstructure,hexagonalclose-packedstructur
8、ethepropertiesofcrystalsaredifferentinvariouscrystallographicdirections,whichareas
