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1、□影响材料使用的因素□Materialsbehavior□Availability□Cost□Synthesisandproductionmethod（材料的合成与生产方法）□Processingtechniques□EnvironmentalacceptabilityFactorsonthepropertiesofmaterials15u组成材料的各元素的原子结构，□Atomicstructure□原子间的相互作用'相互结合，□Natureofchemicalbondsn原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律，□Atomicordering□原子集合
2、体的形貌特征。□MicrostructurePropertiesofMaterials□Mechanicalproperties:□Thebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces・□弹性Elasticity□塑性Plasticity□强度Strength□硬度Hardness□韧性Toughness□疲劳特性Fatiguebehaviour□耐磨性AbrasionresistanceClassificationofmaterials:basedonatomicstructuresandthenatureofb
3、ondsMetalsandtheiralloysOrganicpolymersCeramicsMechanicalproperties:whichreflectthebehaviorofmaterials,deformedbyasetofforcesPhysicalproperties:whichdescribethebehaviorofmaterialssubjectedtotheactionoftemperature^electricormagneticfields9orlight.Chemicalproperties:whichcharacte
4、rizethebehaviorofmaterialinareactiveenvironment.PerformancesStructureTypesofmaterials1metalitisstrongandcanbereadilyformedintopracticalshapes.itsextensive,permanentductilityisanimportantassetinpermittingsmallamountsofyieldingtosuddenandsevereloads.2ceramicsandglassesChemicalsta
5、ble,siginificantlyhighermeltingpoint,brittleness3polymerspolymersarefrequentlylightweightJowcostJowerstrengthJowermeltingpointandhigherchemicalreactivity4compositesitcarriesalongthesuperiorpropertiesofeachcomponent,producingaproductthatissuperiortoeitherofthecomponentsseparatel
6、ySolidsexistinthenatureintwoprincipalfonns:crystallineandamorphousAnelementarycellofcrystallatticeisdescribed□Threesectionsa,b,andc,□Threeanglesmadebyeachtwoofthesesections,a,B,andy・□晶格常数latticeconstant/latticespacing:axb、c.crystalstructure:body-centeredcubicstructure,face-cent
7、eredcubicstructure,hexagonalclose-packedstructurethepropertiesofcrystalsaredifferentinvariouscrystallographicdirections,whichareassociatedwithanorderedarrangementofatomsinspace.AdvantagesofMetals□Strong□Soft:Cutting,Machining,Shaping□Meltingandcasting□Heatconductive□Electriccon
8、ductive□Light-ReflectiveIronconsistofslagandcarbon9but
