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1、影响材料使用的因素□Materialsbehavior□Availability□Cost□Synthesisandproductionmethod（材料的合成与生产方法）□Processingtechniques□EnvironmentalacceptabilityFactorsonthepropertiesofmaterials15u组成材料的各元素的原子结构，□Atomicstructure□原子间的相互作用'相互结合，□Natureofchemicalbondsn原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律，□AtomicorderingU原子集合体的形貌特
2、征。□MicrostructurePropertiesofMaterials□Mechanicalproperties:□Thebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces・□弹性Elasticity□塑性Plasticity□强度Strength□硬度Hardness□韧性Toughness□疲劳特性Fatiguebehaviour□耐磨性AbrasionresistanceClassificationofmaterials:basedonatomicstructuresandthenatureofbondsMetal
3、sandtheiralloysOrganicpolymersCeramicsMechanicalproperties:whichreflectthebehaviorofmaterials,deformedbyasetofforcesPhysicalproperties:whichdescribethebehaviorofmaterialssubjectedtotheactionoftemperature,electricormagneticfields,orlight.Chemicalproperties:whichcharacterizethebehavi
4、orofmaterialinareactiveenvironment.PerformancesStructureTypesofmaterials1metalitisstrongandcanbereadilyformedintopracticalshapes.itsextensive,permanentductilityisanimportantassetinpermittingsmallamountsofyieldingtosuddenandsevereloads.2ceramicsandglassesChemicalstable,siginificantl
5、yhighermeltingpoint,brittleness3polymerspolymersarefrequentlylightweightJowcost,lowerstrength,lowermeltingpointandhigherchemicalreactivity1compositesitcarriesalongthesuperiorpropertiesofeachcomponent,producingaproductthatissuperiortoeitherofthecomponentsseparatelySolidsexistinthena
6、tureintwoprincipalforms:crystallineandamorphousAnelementarycellofcrystallatticeisdescribed□Threesectionsa,b,andc,□Threeanglesmadebyeachtwoofthesesections,a,p,andy・□晶格常数latticeconstant/latticespacing:b、c.crystalstructure:body-centeredcubicstructure,face-centeredcubicstructure,hexago
7、nalclose-packedstructurethepropertiesofcrystalsaredifferentinvariouscrystallographicdirections,whichareassociatedwithanorderedarrangementofatomsinspace.AdvantagesofMetals□Strong□Soft:Cutting,Machining,Shaping□Meltingandcasting□Heatconductive□Electricconductive□Light-ReflectiveIronc
8、onsistofslagandcarbon,buts
