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1、上尿路结石的手术方式选择(附2528例临床报告)作者:何俊,徐苗,成泽民,曾东升【关键词】尿路结石Choiceofoperationproceduresforupperurinarytractcalculi(reportof2528cases)HeJun,XuMiao,ChengZemin,ZengDongsheng,DuYitang(DepartmentofUrology,TheCentralHospitalofDazhou,Dazhou635000,China)ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo
2、comparethevarioustreatmentsofupperurinarytractcalculi.MethodsThedataof2528patientswithupperurinarytractcalculiduring1997to2004wereanalyzedretrospectively.ResultsPatientswithsimplekidneystoneandupperureteralstoneweremainlytreatedwithESWL.Thestonefreerateof
3、ESWLwas86%;5%patientsformedstonestreet,and9%showednoeffectsafter2-3timesofESWL;14%hadtouseothermethods.Patientswithmiddleorlowerureteralstoneweremainlytreatedwithballisticlithotripsy,andthestonefreeratewas92%・ThestonefreerateofPCNLwas100%forpelvicandupper
4、ureteralstoneand95%forstaghornstone.Patientswithcomplicatedkidneystoneweremainlytreatedwithopensurgeryorcombinationofprocedures・Afteroperation,7casesundermentnephrectomyofonesidebecausedysfunction;7developedleakageofurine,3chronicdifficulttohealwounds;5he
5、morrhagesinkidney,andnoonedied.ConclusionThemicroinvasivesurgerytoremoveupperurinarytractcalculicanavoidpaininpatients,anddecreasethedifficultyofoperationandperioperativecomplications.Buttheopensurgeryisstillofgreatuseforcomplicatedstone・Inallthesemethods
6、,inflammationandfunctionallesionshouldbecontrolledcarefully.KEYWORDS:upperurinarytractcalculi;extracorporealshockwavelithotripsy;ballisticlithotripsy;opensurgery;percutaneousnephrolithotomy摘要:目的分析上尿路结石的各种手术方式,探讨临床治疗中合理的术式选择。方法回顾性分析1997年-2004年收治的2528例上尿路结石
7、患者的临床分类、手术方式及并发症。结果单纯性肾结石和输尿管上段结石以ESWL治疗为主,3个月内结石排净率为86%,5%形成石街,9%经2・3次ESWL治疗无排石现象,转手术率14%;中、下段结石采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗为主,结石排净率为92%。经皮肾穿肾镜取石,肾盂和输尿管上段结石的取净率为100%;鹿角形结石的取净率为95%;复杂性肾结石选择开放性手术取石或联合方式治疗为主,因肾脏无功能而行一侧肾切除7例(1.6%),手术后输尿管漏7例,切口经久不愈3例,肾脏大出血5例,无死亡病例。结论上尿路结石
8、的微创手术可以避免开放手术对患者造成的痛苦,减少术后并发症,但也不能盲目采用,对于复杂性结石,开放手术仍有实际应用价值。关键词:尿路结石;体外冲击波碎石术;气压弹道碎石术;外科手术;经皮肾穿取石术上尿路结石是泌尿外科的一种常见疾病,近年来随着新的医疗器械的出现和手术技术的改进,对于此类患者的治疗术式逐步腔内化和微创化,除了传统的开放手术,还有体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)、经皮肾穿肾镜取石术(PCNL)、输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术